Self-referencing ultrafast wide-field pump-probe microscopy

Rihan Wu, Yaqing Zhang, Md Shahjahan and Elad Harel ()
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Rihan Wu: Michigan State University
Yaqing Zhang: Michigan State University
Md Shahjahan: Michigan State University
Elad Harel: Michigan State University

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Ultrafast pump-probe microscopy reveals spatial heterogeneity in material properties including charge and energy transfer, electron-phonon coupling, and vibrational dynamics. At high spatial resolution, weak nonlinear signals often require point scanning with significant signal averaging, limiting studies of non-repeatable processes or systems prone to photodamage from prolonged laser exposure. To overcome these limitations, we introduce a wide-field pump–probe approach that integrates Parallel Rapid Imaging with Spectroscopic Mapping (PRISM) and a self-referencing method, suppressing noise by more than two orders of magnitude. Our technique exploits spatial correlations within the field of view to denoise and suppress laser intensity fluctuations without a reference detector, enabling acquisition of over one million pump–probe traces in under a second. This capability supports high-throughput material screening, real-time ultrafast spectroscopy, and investigations of non-reversible dynamics. Applied to few-layer WSe₂ and monolayer WSe₂/MoSe₂ heterostructures, the method resolves vibrational modes and substrate-induced coupling previously hidden by laser noise.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-64680-9

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