Mechanically robust halide electrolytes for high-performance all-solid-state batteries

Xu Han, Yang Xu, Huamei Li, Zaifa Wang, Junyi Yue, Xiaolong Yan, Simeng Zhang, Jiamin Fu, Yu Xia, Liyu Zhou, Saiqi Wei, Xinyi Liu, Xingyu Wang, Changtai Zhao, Xiaona Li, Shou-Hang Bo (), Jiantao Wang (), Xueliang Sun () and Jianwen Liang ()
Additional contact information
Xu Han: GRINM Group Co. Ltd.
Yang Xu: Eastern Institute of Technology
Huamei Li: Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Zaifa Wang: Foshan
Junyi Yue: Foshan
Xiaolong Yan: Foshan
Simeng Zhang: Foshan
Jiamin Fu: London
Yu Xia: GRINM Group Co. Ltd.
Liyu Zhou: Eastern Institute of Technology
Saiqi Wei: Foshan
Xinyi Liu: Foshan
Xingyu Wang: Eastern Institute of Technology
Changtai Zhao: Foshan
Xiaona Li: Eastern Institute of Technology
Shou-Hang Bo: Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Jiantao Wang: GRINM Group Co. Ltd.
Xueliang Sun: Eastern Institute of Technology
Jianwen Liang: GRINM Group Co. Ltd.

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract All-solid-state batteries frequently encounter mechanical instability due to the inherent brittleness and low elasticity of inorganic ceramic electrolytes, such as sulfides, oxides, and halides. These electrolytes struggle to accommodate the volumetric fluctuations of positive electrode materials during cycling, potentially leading to performance degradation and premature failure. To address this challenge, we propose a defect-based toughening approach for resilient halide solid electrolytes. By meticulously controlling the cooling rate during synthesis, we successfully increase the defect density within the electrolyte, enhancing its mechanical properties and mitigating the risk of mechanical failure. Mechanical property testing, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy characterization, and synchrotron radiation diffraction analysis reveal that the quenched material exhibit not only a higher Young’s modulus, rendering it less susceptible to deformation under stress and a higher capacity for energy absorption before plastic deformation or fracture due to its increased dispersed defect density. Consequently, it demonstrates better adaptability to the volumetric changes associated with the positive electrode material during battery cycling, effectively mitigating strain-induced material behavior. Here we show the effectiveness of defect-enhanced toughening strategies in optimizing the mechanical properties and microstructure of electrolyte materials, thereby enhancing the overall integrity of solid-state batteries without requiring modifications to their chemical composition.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-64726-y

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