Be+ assisted, simultaneous confinement of more than 15000 antihydrogen atoms

Akbari, R.; de Araujo Azevedo, L. O.; Baker, C. J.; Bertsche, W.; Bhatt, N. M.; Bonomi, G.; Capra, A.; Carli, I.; Cesar, C. L.; Charlton, M.; Mathad, A. Cridland; Vincio, A. Del; Quiceno, D. Duque; Eriksson, S. J.; Evans, A.; Ewins, J.; Fajans, J.; Friesen, T.; Fujiwara, M. C.; Golino, L. M.; Gonçalves, M. B. Gomes; Hangst, J. S.; Hayden, M. E.; Hodgkinson, D.; Isaac, C. A.; Jimenez, A. J. U.; Jones, S. A.; Jonsell, S.; Madsen, N.; Marshall, V. R.; McKenna, J. T. K.; Momose, T.; Nauta, J.; Oliveira, A. N.; Peszka, J.; Powell, A.; Rasmussen, C. Ø.; Robertson-Brown, T.; Robicheaux, F.; Sacramento, R. L.; Sarid, E.; Schoonwater, J.; Silveira, D. M.; Singh, J.; Smith, G.; So, C.; Stracka, S.; Suh, J.; Swadling, A. G.; Tharp, T. D.; Thompson, K. A.; Thompson, R. I.; Thorpe-Woods, E.; Urioni, M.; van der Werf, D. P.; Woosaree, P.; Wurtele, J. S.

Be+ assisted, simultaneous confinement of more than 15000 antihydrogen atoms

R. Akbari, L. O. de Araujo Azevedo, C. J. Baker, W. Bertsche, N. M. Bhatt, G. Bonomi, A. Capra, I. Carli, C. L. Cesar, M. Charlton, A. Cridland Mathad, A. Del Vincio, D. Duque Quiceno, S. J. Eriksson, A. Evans, J. Ewins, J. Fajans, T. Friesen, M. C. Fujiwara, L. M. Golino, M. B. Gomes Gonçalves, J. S. Hangst (), M. E. Hayden, D. Hodgkinson, C. A. Isaac, A. J. U. Jimenez, S. A. Jones, S. Jonsell, N. Madsen (), V. R. Marshall, J. T. K. McKenna, T. Momose, J. Nauta, A. N. Oliveira, J. Peszka, A. Powell, C. Ø. Rasmussen, T. Robertson-Brown, F. Robicheaux, R. L. Sacramento, E. Sarid, J. Schoonwater, D. M. Silveira, J. Singh, G. Smith, C. So, S. Stracka, J. Suh, A. G. Swadling, T. D. Tharp, K. A. Thompson, R. I. Thompson, E. Thorpe-Woods, M. Urioni, D. P. van der Werf, P. Woosaree and J. S. Wurtele
Additional contact information
R. Akbari: University of British Columbia
L. O. de Araujo Azevedo: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
C. J. Baker: Swansea University
W. Bertsche: University of Manchester
N. M. Bhatt: Swansea University
G. Bonomi: Brescia and INFN Pavia
A. Capra: TRIUMF
I. Carli: TRIUMF
C. L. Cesar: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
M. Charlton: Swansea University
A. Cridland Mathad: Swansea University
A. Del Vincio: Brescia and INFN Pavia
D. Duque Quiceno: University of British Columbia
S. J. Eriksson: Swansea University
A. Evans: University of British Columbia
J. Ewins: University of British Columbia
J. Fajans: University of California at Berkeley
T. Friesen: University of Calgary
M. C. Fujiwara: TRIUMF
L. M. Golino: Swansea University
M. B. Gomes Gonçalves: Swansea University
J. S. Hangst: Aarhus University
M. E. Hayden: Simon Fraser University
D. Hodgkinson: University of California at Berkeley
C. A. Isaac: Swansea University
A. J. U. Jimenez: University of Calgary
S. A. Jones: University of Groningen
S. Jonsell: Stockholm University
N. Madsen: Swansea University
V. R. Marshall: Aarhus University
J. T. K. McKenna: University of Manchester
T. Momose: University of British Columbia
J. Nauta: Swansea University
A. N. Oliveira: University of Manchester
J. Peszka: Swansea University
A. Powell: University of Calgary
C. Ø. Rasmussen: CERN
T. Robertson-Brown: Swansea University
F. Robicheaux: Purdue University
R. L. Sacramento: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
E. Sarid: Ben Gurion University of the Negev
J. Schoonwater: Swansea University
D. M. Silveira: Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
J. Singh: University of Manchester
G. Smith: University of British Columbia
C. So: TRIUMF
S. Stracka: INFN Pisa
J. Suh: University of Calgary
A. G. Swadling: University of Calgary
T. D. Tharp: Marquette University
K. A. Thompson: Swansea University
R. I. Thompson: TRIUMF
E. Thorpe-Woods: Swansea University
M. Urioni: Brescia and INFN Pavia
D. P. van der Werf: Swansea University
P. Woosaree: University of Calgary
J. S. Wurtele: University of California at Berkeley

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Antihydrogen, the bound state of a positron and an antiproton, is the only pure anti-atomic system ever studied. It is produced exclusively in the laboratory, as it has never been observed in nature. This unique system is of great interest for searching for tentative differences between matter and antimatter. Antihydrogen has been routinely trapped since 2010 and accumulated since 2017, enabling, for example, the first precision spectroscopic study of the anti-atom in 2018 and the first observation of the influence of gravity in 2023. Here we report an eight-fold increase in the trapping rate of antihydrogen, enabled by sympathetic cooling of positrons with laser-cooled beryllium ions. With beryllium sympathetic cooling, we now accumulate over 15000 antihydrogen atoms in under seven hours. This technique transforms our ability to study systematic and sidereal effects in existing experiments while paving the way for studies that would otherwise remain out of reach.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-65085-4

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