Genome architecture evolution in an invasive copepod species complex

Zhenyong Du (), Johannes Wirtz, Yifei Joye Zhou, Anna Jenstead, Taylor Opgenorth, Angelise Puls, Cullan Meyer, Gregory W. Gelembiuk and Carol Eunmi Lee ()
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Zhenyong Du: University of Wisconsin, Department of Integrative Biology
Johannes Wirtz: IRD, CEFE, CNRS, EPHE
Yifei Joye Zhou: University of Wisconsin, Department of Integrative Biology
Anna Jenstead: University of Wisconsin, Department of Integrative Biology
Taylor Opgenorth: University of Wisconsin, Department of Integrative Biology
Angelise Puls: University of Wisconsin, Department of Integrative Biology
Cullan Meyer: University of Wisconsin, Department of Integrative Biology
Gregory W. Gelembiuk: University of Wisconsin, Department of Integrative Biology
Carol Eunmi Lee: University of Wisconsin, Department of Integrative Biology

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-22

Abstract: Abstract Chromosomal fusions are hypothesized to facilitate evolutionary adaptation, but empirical evidence has been scarce. Here, we analyze chromosome-level genome sequences of three sibling species within the copepod Eurytemora affinis species complex, known for its remarkable ability to rapidly colonize new habitats. Genomes of this species complex show expansions of ion transport-related gene families, likely related to adaptation to various environmental salinities. Among three genetically distinct sibling species, we discover notable patterns of chromosomal evolution, with chromosomal fusions observed in two different sibling species. As a result of these chromosomal fusions, functionally linked ion transport-related genes located near the telomeres become joined near the newly formed centromeres, where recombination is low. Notably, for the highly invasive E. carolleeae and to a lesser extent for E. gulfia, the ancient chromosomal fusion sites, especially the centromeres, are significantly enriched with contemporary signatures of selection between saline and freshwater populations. This study uncovers intriguing patterns of genome architecture evolution with potentially important implications for mechanisms of adaptive evolution in response to rapid environmental change.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-65292-z

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