Design principles of practical industrial-scale layered oxide cathodes with air/water stability for sustainable sodium-ion batteries

Xin-Bei Jia, Qian-Qian Peng, Yi-Feng Liu, Dian-Cheng Chen, Jingqiang Wang, Jia-Yang Li, Yan-Fang Zhu (), Neng-Hua Xu, Ling-Yi Kong, Han-Xiao Liu, Guang-Yu Zhang, Zhuang-Chun Jian, Chen Cheng, Hang-Hang Dong, Liang Zhang, Yang Sun, Shuang-Qiang Chen (), Xiao-Dong Guo (), Shixue Dou and Yao Xiao ()
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Xin-Bei Jia: Wenzhou University, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
Qian-Qian Peng: Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Battery Materials and Technology
Yi-Feng Liu: Sichuan University, College of Chemical Engineering
Dian-Cheng Chen: Sun Yat-sen University, School of Materials
Jingqiang Wang: Wenzhou University, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
Jia-Yang Li: Wenzhou University, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
Yan-Fang Zhu: Wenzhou University, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
Neng-Hua Xu: Wenzhou University, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
Ling-Yi Kong: Wenzhou University, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
Han-Xiao Liu: Wenzhou University, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
Guang-Yu Zhang: Wenzhou University, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
Zhuang-Chun Jian: Wenzhou University, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
Chen Cheng: Soochow University, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)
Hang-Hang Dong: Wenzhou University, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
Liang Zhang: Soochow University, Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)
Yang Sun: Sun Yat-sen University, School of Materials
Shuang-Qiang Chen: Wenzhou University, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
Xiao-Dong Guo: Sichuan University, College of Chemical Engineering
Shixue Dou: University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Institute of Energy Materials Science (IEMS)
Yao Xiao: Wenzhou University, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-16

Abstract: Abstract Low-cost manganese-based oxides as promising cathodes for sodium-ion batteries still face significant challenges, including irreversible phase transition, air/water sensitivity, and low initial charge capacity. Herein, we precisely design a titanium-substituted Mn-based oxide cathode material with optimized local electronic structure distribution through a stepwise screening mechanism based on theoretical calculations, which enables suppression of irreversible phase transition and Jahn-Teller distortion by exerting spring effect and pinning effect. Notably, the optimized cathode fabricated using an aqueous binder exhibits stable electrochemical performance, retaining 96.16 % of its capacity after 500 cycles at 1 A g−1, along with reliable air/water stability under prolonged exposure, which is further confirmed by advanced characterization and theoretical calculations. In addition, Prussian blue analogs are proposed as a sodium supplement for full cell applications. The large-scale production and implementation of composite cathode materials have been successfully achieved and subsequently applied in practical pouch cells with non-presodiated hard carbon anodes. This work investigates an air/water-stable Mn-based layered oxide cathode for sodium-ion batteries, providing insights relevant to their future industrial development.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-65480-x

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