Versatile on-chip plasmonic lattices enabled by Kekulé metasurfaces

Jinguo Liu, Yufan Luo, Airong Zhao, Pin Lyu, Ying Liu, Wenhui Sun, Xiaofan Wang, Chaoling Du, Mingming Jiang, Caixia Kan, Shuiyan Cao () and Yanpeng Liu ()
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Jinguo Liu: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, College of Physics, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education
Yufan Luo: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, College of Physics, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education
Airong Zhao: Liaocheng University, Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology of Shandong Province, School of Physical Science and Information Engineering
Pin Lyu: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, College of Physics, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education
Ying Liu: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, College of Physics, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education
Wenhui Sun: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, College of Physics, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education
Xiaofan Wang: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, College of Physics, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education
Chaoling Du: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, College of Physics, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education
Mingming Jiang: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, College of Physics, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education
Caixia Kan: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, College of Physics, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education
Shuiyan Cao: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, College of Physics, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education
Yanpeng Liu: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, College of Physics, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) lattices created by artificial plasmonic metasurfaces, can carry tremendous optical information and have implications for resilient and secure optical communication. However, tailoring the intensity, spectral, and spatial distributions of these SPP lattices intentionally remain challenging. Here, we develop, theoretically and experimentally, a variety of optical SPP lattices in a category of metasurface named as Kekulé metasurface. This plasmonic nanostructure localizes surface plasmonic polaritons into assorted optical lattices at the two-dimensional limit, visualized by noninvasive leakage radiation microscopy. The spatial distribution and relative intensity of the SPP lattice sites are evolved and tailored by superposing an extra wing-shaped nanoslit set. A configurable on-chip light-emitter array and high-security imaging encryption/decryption using such optical lattices are further demonstrated. This work reports a versatile Kekulé metasurface platform and well-defined SPP lattices with multiple degrees of freedoms, featuring rich physic phenomena and potential photonic elements for applications into existing technologies.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-65656-5

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