Interstellar ices as carriers of supernova material to the early solar system

Martin Bizzarro (), Martin Schiller, Jesper Holst, Laura Bouvier, Miroslav Groen, Frédéric Moynier, Elishevah M. M. E. van Kooten, Maria Schönbächler, Troels Haugbølle, Darach Watson, Anders Johansen, James N. Connelly and Emil Bizzarro
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Martin Bizzarro: University of Copenhagen, Center for Star and Planet Formation, Globe Institute
Martin Schiller: University of Copenhagen, Center for Star and Planet Formation, Globe Institute
Jesper Holst: University of Copenhagen, Center for Star and Planet Formation, Globe Institute
Laura Bouvier: University of Copenhagen, Center for Star and Planet Formation, Globe Institute
Miroslav Groen: University of Copenhagen, Center for Star and Planet Formation, Globe Institute
Frédéric Moynier: Université de Paris Cité, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
Elishevah M. M. E. van Kooten: University of Copenhagen, Center for Star and Planet Formation, Globe Institute
Maria Schönbächler: ETH Zürich, Institute for Geochemistry and Petrology
Troels Haugbølle: University of Copenhagen, Center for Star and Planet Formation, Niels Bohr Institute
Darach Watson: University of Copenhagen, Center for Star and Planet Formation, Niels Bohr Institute
Anders Johansen: University of Copenhagen, Center for Star and Planet Formation, Globe Institute
James N. Connelly: University of Copenhagen, Center for Star and Planet Formation, Globe Institute
Emil Bizzarro: University of Copenhagen, Center for Star and Planet Formation, Globe Institute

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Planetary materials show systematic variations in their nucleosynthetic isotope compositions that resonate with orbital distance. The origin of this pattern remains debated, limiting how these isotopic signatures can be used to trace the precursors of terrestrial planets. Here we test the hypothesis that interstellar ices carried supernova-produced nuclides by searching for a supernova nucleosynthetic fingerprint in aqueous alteration minerals from carbonaceous and non-carbonaceous chondrite meteorites. We focus on zirconium, a refractory element that includes the neutron-rich isotope 96Zr formed in core-collapse supernovae. Leaching experiments reveal extreme 96Zr enrichments in alteration minerals, showing that they incorporated supernova material hosted in interstellar ices. We show that the Solar System’s zirconium isotope variability reflects mixing between these ices and an ice-free rocky component. Finally, the presence of supernova nuclides in a volatile carrier supports models where the Solar System’s nucleosynthetic variability was imparted by thermal processing of material in the protoplanetary disk and during planetary accretion.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-65672-5

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