Ten-valley excitonic complexes in charge-tunable monolayer WSe2

Alain Dijkstra (), Amine Ben Mhenni (), Dinh Van Tuan, Elif Çetiner, Muriel Schur-Wilkens, Junghwan Kim, Laurin Steiner, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Matteo Barbone, Nathan P. Wilson, Hanan Dery and Jonathan J. Finley ()
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Alain Dijkstra: Technical University of Munich
Amine Ben Mhenni: Technical University of Munich
Dinh Van Tuan: University of Rochester
Elif Çetiner: Technical University of Munich
Muriel Schur-Wilkens: Technical University of Munich
Junghwan Kim: University of Rochester
Laurin Steiner: Technical University of Munich
Kenji Watanabe: National Institute for Materials Science
Takashi Taniguchi: National Institute for Materials Science
Matteo Barbone: Technical University of Munich
Nathan P. Wilson: Technical University of Munich
Hanan Dery: University of Rochester
Jonathan J. Finley: Technical University of Munich

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract Excitons dominate the optical response of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors. Strong interactions produce peculiar excitonic complexes, which provide a testing ground for exciton and quantum many-body theories. Here, we report a hitherto unobserved many-body exciton that emerges upon filling both the K and Q valleys of WSe2. We optically probe the exciton landscape using charge-tunable devices with unusually thin dielectrics that facilitate doping up to several 1013 cm−2. We observe the emergence of the thermodynamically stable complex when 10 valleys are electrostatically filled. We gain insight into its physics using magneto-optical measurements. Our results are well-described by a model where the number of distinguishable Fermi seas interacting with the photoexcited electron-hole pair defines the complex’s behavior. In addition to expanding the repertoire of excitons in 2D semiconductors, this complex could probe the limit of exciton models and answer open questions about screened Coulomb interactions in 2D semiconductors.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-65731-x

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