Horizontally oriented compact colloidal quantum well films enable efficient and stable electroluminescent diodes

Guohang Ba, Yiyang Gong, Mengqi Zhang, Fei Huang (), Jing Li, Junfeng Wang, Lin Zhang, Linhan Fan, Xinfeng Liu () and Jianjun Tian ()
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Guohang Ba: University of Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology
Yiyang Gong: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
Mengqi Zhang: University of Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology
Fei Huang: University of Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology
Jing Li: Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry
Junfeng Wang: University of Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology
Lin Zhang: University of Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology
Linhan Fan: University of Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology
Xinfeng Liu: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
Jianjun Tian: University of Science and Technology, Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology

Nature Communications, 2025, vol. 16, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract Colloidal quantum well-based light-emitting diodes are highly promising for electroluminescent applications owing to their high fraction of horizontally aligned transition dipole moments, but scalable fabricating their films with dominant horizontal dipole orientation for electroluminescent devices remain major challenges. Here, we utilize a two-phase driving flat arrangement strategy combined with Langmuir–Schaefer technology to create compact colloidal quantum well films with predominantly horizontal dipole alignment. The interfacial driving force between the two liquid phases facilitates the formation of uniform, densely packed films, which exhibit 90% horizontal dipole alignment, yielding a light extraction efficiency of 35.8%. The resulting devices achieve (4 mm2) an external quantum efficiency of 25.5%, a maximum luminance of 59,620 cd m−2, and outstanding operational stability (T95@100 cd m−2 > 16,233 h). Moreover, this technique enables scalable fabrication of uniform colloidal quantum well films (100 cm2), maintaining luminance above 60,000 cd m−2 in 4 cm2 devices, indicating industrial feasibility.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-025-65871-0

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