A chloroplast envelope-bound PHD transcription factor mediates chloroplast signals to the nucleus

Xuwu Sun, Peiqiang Feng, Xiumei Xu, Hailong Guo, Jinfang Ma, Wei Chi, Rongchen Lin, Congming Lu and Lixin Zhang ()
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Xuwu Sun: Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China.
Peiqiang Feng: Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China.
Xiumei Xu: Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China.
Hailong Guo: Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China.
Jinfang Ma: Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China.
Wei Chi: Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China.
Rongchen Lin: Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China.
Congming Lu: Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China.
Lixin Zhang: Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing 100093, China.

Nature Communications, 2011, vol. 2, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract Chloroplast development, maintenance and function depend on the coordinated expression of chloroplast and nuclear genes. The retrograde chloroplast signals are essential in coordinating nuclear gene expression. Although the sources of signals in chloroplasts have been identified and the associated transcription factors in the nucleus extensively studied, the molecular mechanism that relays chloroplast signals to the nucleus remains a mystery. Here we show that PTM, a chloroplast envelope-bound plant homeodomain (PHD) transcription factor with transmembrane domains, functions in multiple retrograde signal pathways. The proteolytic cleavage of PTM occurs in response to retrograde signals and amino-terminal PTM accumulates in the nucleus, where it activates ABI4 transcription in a PHD-dependent manner associated with histone modifications. These results provide a molecular basis for the critical function of PTM in retrograde chloroplast signaling and shed new light on the mechanism whereby chloroplast signals are transmitted to the nucleus through the cytosol.

Date: 2011
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1486

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