Nanodomain Ca2+ of Ca2+ channels detected by a tethered genetically encoded Ca2+ sensor

Lai Hock Tay, Ivy E. Dick, Wanjun Yang, Marco Mank, Oliver Griesbeck and David T. Yue ()
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Lai Hock Tay: Calcium Signals Laboratory, Ross Building, Room 713, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2196, USA.
Ivy E. Dick: Calcium Signals Laboratory, Ross Building, Room 713, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2196, USA.
Wanjun Yang: Calcium Signals Laboratory, Ross Building, Room 713, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2196, USA.
Marco Mank: AG Zelluläre Dynamik, Max-Planck-Institut für Neurobiologie
Oliver Griesbeck: AG Zelluläre Dynamik, Max-Planck-Institut für Neurobiologie
David T. Yue: Calcium Signals Laboratory, Ross Building, Room 713, 720 Rutland Avenue, Baltimore, Maryland 21205-2196, USA.

Nature Communications, 2012, vol. 3, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Coupling of excitation to secretion, contraction and transcription often relies on Ca2+ computations within the nanodomain—a conceptual region extending tens of nanometers from the cytoplasmic mouth of Ca2+ channels. Theory predicts that nanodomain Ca2+ signals differ vastly from the slow submicromolar signals routinely observed in bulk cytoplasm. However, direct visualization of nanodomain Ca2+ far exceeds optical resolution of spatially distributed Ca2+ indicators. Here we couple an optical, genetically encoded Ca2+ indicator (TN–XL) to the carboxy tail of CaV2.2 Ca2+ channels, enabling near-field imaging of the nanodomain. Under total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, we detect Ca2+ responses indicative of large-amplitude pulses. Single-channel electrophysiology reveals a corresponding Ca2+ influx of only 0.085 pA, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurements estimate TN–XL distance to the cytoplasmic mouth at ~55 Å. Altogether, these findings raise the possibility that Ca2+ exits the channel through the analogue of molecular portals, mirroring the crystallographic images of side windows in voltage-gated K channels.

Date: 2012
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1777

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