Chloroplast-mediated activation of plant immune signalling in Arabidopsis

Hironari Nomura, Teiko Komori, Shuhei Uemura, Yui Kanda, Koji Shimotani, Kana Nakai, Takuya Furuichi, Kohsuke Takebayashi, Takanori Sugimoto, Satoshi Sano, I Nengah Suwastika, Eiichiro Fukusaki, Hirofumi Yoshioka, Yoichi Nakahira and Takashi Shiina ()
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Hironari Nomura: Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University
Teiko Komori: Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University
Shuhei Uemura: Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University
Yui Kanda: Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University
Koji Shimotani: Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University
Kana Nakai: Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University
Takuya Furuichi: EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya University
Kohsuke Takebayashi: Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
Takanori Sugimoto: Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
Satoshi Sano: Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University
I Nengah Suwastika: Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University
Eiichiro Fukusaki: Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University
Hirofumi Yoshioka: Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University
Yoichi Nakahira: Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University
Takashi Shiina: Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University

Nature Communications, 2012, vol. 3, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Chloroplasts have a critical role in plant immunity as a site for the production for salicylic acid and jasmonic acid, important mediators of plant immunity. However, the molecular link between chloroplasts and the cytoplasmic-nuclear immune system remains largely unknown. Here we show that pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) signals are quickly relayed to chloroplasts and evoke specific Ca2+ signatures in the stroma. We further demonstrate that a chloroplast-localized protein, named calcium-sensing receptor (CAS), is involved in stromal Ca2+ transients and responsible for both PAMP-induced basal resistance and R gene-mediated hypersensitive cell death. CAS acts upstream of salicylic acid accumulation. Transcriptome analysis demonstrates that CAS is involved in PAMP-induced expression of defence genes and suppression of chloroplast gene expression possibly through 1O2-mediated retrograde signalling, allowing chloroplast-mediated transcriptional reprogramming during plant immune responses. The present study reveals a previously unknown chloroplast-mediated signalling pathway linking chloroplasts to cytoplasmic-nuclear immune responses.

Date: 2012
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1926

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