Exploring the wavefront of hard X-ray free-electron laser radiation

Simon Rutishauser (), Liubov Samoylova, Jacek Krzywinski, Oliver Bunk, Jan Grünert, Harald Sinn, Marco Cammarata, David M. Fritz and Christian David
Additional contact information
Simon Rutishauser: Paul Scherrer Institut
Liubov Samoylova: European XFEL
Jacek Krzywinski: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
Oliver Bunk: Paul Scherrer Institut
Jan Grünert: European XFEL
Harald Sinn: European XFEL
Marco Cammarata: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
David M. Fritz: SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
Christian David: Paul Scherrer Institut

Nature Communications, 2012, vol. 3, issue 1, 1-6

Abstract: Abstract The high photon flux and femtosecond pulse duration of hard X-ray free-electron lasers have spurred a large variety of novel and fascinating experiments in physical, chemical and biological sciences. Many of these experiments depend fundamentally on a clean, well-defined wavefront. Here we explore the wavefront properties of hard X-ray free-electron laser radiation by means of a grating interferometer, from which we obtain shot-to-shot wavefront information with an excellent angular sensitivity on the order of ten nanoradian. The wavefront distortions introduced by optical elements are observed in-situ and under operational conditions. The source-point position and fluctuations are measured with unprecedented accuracy in longitudinal and lateral direction, both during nominal operation and as the X-ray free-electron laser is driven into saturation.

Date: 2012
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1950

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