Phantom pain is associated with preserved structure and function in the former hand area

Tamar R. Makin (), Jan Scholz, Nicola Filippini, David Henderson Slater, Irene Tracey and Heidi Johansen-Berg
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Tamar R. Makin: FMRIB Centre, University of Oxford
Jan Scholz: FMRIB Centre, University of Oxford
Nicola Filippini: FMRIB Centre, University of Oxford
David Henderson Slater: Oxford Centre for Enablement, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre
Irene Tracey: FMRIB Centre, University of Oxford
Heidi Johansen-Berg: FMRIB Centre, University of Oxford

Nature Communications, 2013, vol. 4, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Phantom pain after arm amputation is widely believed to arise from maladaptive cortical reorganization, triggered by loss of sensory input. We instead propose that chronic phantom pain experience drives plasticity by maintaining local cortical representations and disrupting inter-regional connectivity. Here we show that, while loss of sensory input is generally characterized by structural and functional degeneration in the deprived sensorimotor cortex, the experience of persistent pain is associated with preserved structure and functional organization in the former hand area. Furthermore, consistent with the isolated nature of phantom experience, phantom pain is associated with reduced inter-regional functional connectivity in the primary sensorimotor cortex. We therefore propose that contrary to the maladaptive model, cortical plasticity associated with phantom pain is driven by powerful and long-lasting subjective sensory experience, such as triggered by nociceptive or top–down inputs. Our results prompt a revisiting of the link between phantom pain and brain organization.

Date: 2013
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2571

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