A hydrothermal anvil made of graphene nanobubbles on diamond

Candy Haley Yi Xuan Lim, Anastassia Sorkin, Qiaoliang Bao, Ang Li, Kai Zhang, Milos Nesladek and Kian Ping Loh ()
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Candy Haley Yi Xuan Lim: Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore
Anastassia Sorkin: Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore
Qiaoliang Bao: Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore
Ang Li: Bruker Singapore, 11 Biopolis Way #10-10 Helios
Kai Zhang: Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore
Milos Nesladek: IMOMEC, Hasselt University Wetenschapspark
Kian Ping Loh: Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore

Nature Communications, 2013, vol. 4, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract The hardness and virtual incompressibility of diamond allow it to be used in high-pressure anvil cell. Here we report a new way to generate static pressure by encapsulating single-crystal diamond with graphene membrane, the latter is well known for its superior nano-indentation strength and in-plane rigidity. Heating the diamond–graphene interface to the reconstruction temperature of diamond (~1,275 K) produces a high density of graphene nanobubbles that can trap water. At high temperature, chemical bonding between graphene and diamond is robust enough to allow the hybrid interface to act as a hydrothermal anvil cell due to the impermeability of graphene. Superheated water trapped within the pressurized graphene nanobubbles is observed to etch the diamond surface to produce a high density of square-shaped voids. The molecular structure of superheated water trapped in the bubble is probed using vibrational spectroscopy and dynamic changes in the hydrogen-bonding environment are observed.

Date: 2013
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2579

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