Ancient DNA reveals that bowhead whale lineages survived Late Pleistocene climate change and habitat shifts

Andrew D. Foote (), Kristin Kaschner (), Sebastian E. Schultze, Cristina Garilao, Simon Y.W. Ho, Klaas Post, Thomas F.G. Higham, Catherine Stokowska, Henry van der Es, Clare B. Embling, Kristian Gregersen, Friederike Johansson, Eske Willerslev and M Thomas P. Gilbert
Additional contact information
Andrew D. Foote: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7
Kristin Kaschner: Evolutionary Biology and Ecology Lab, Institute of Biology I (Zoology), Albert-Ludwigs-University, Hauptstr. 1
Sebastian E. Schultze: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7
Cristina Garilao: GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel Düsternbrooker Weg 2
Simon Y.W. Ho: School of Biological Sciences, Edgeworth David Building, University of Sydney
Klaas Post: Natuurhistorisch Museum Rotterdam
Thomas F.G. Higham: Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, South Parks Road
Catherine Stokowska: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7
Henry van der Es: Natuurhistorisch Museum Rotterdam
Clare B. Embling: Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Cornwall Campus Penryn
Kristian Gregersen: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7
Friederike Johansson: Göteborgs Naturhistoriska Museum, Slottsskogen Östra
Eske Willerslev: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7
M Thomas P. Gilbert: Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 5–7

Nature Communications, 2013, vol. 4, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract The climatic changes of the glacial cycles are thought to have been a major driver of population declines and species extinctions. However, studies to date have focused on terrestrial fauna and there is little understanding of how marine species responded to past climate change. Here we show that a true Arctic species, the bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus), shifted its range and tracked its core suitable habitat northwards during the rapid climate change of the Pleistocene–Holocene transition. Late Pleistocene lineages survived into the Holocene and effective female population size increased rapidly, concurrent with a threefold increase in core suitable habitat. This study highlights that responses to climate change are likely to be species specific and difficult to predict. We estimate that the core suitable habitat of bowhead whales will be almost halved by the end of this century, potentially influencing future population dynamics.

Date: 2013
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2714

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