Evolution of Landau levels into edge states in graphene

Guohong Li, Adina Luican-Mayer, Dmitry Abanin, Leonid Levitov and Eva Y. Andrei ()
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Guohong Li: Rutgers University
Adina Luican-Mayer: Rutgers University
Dmitry Abanin: Harvard University
Leonid Levitov: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Eva Y. Andrei: Rutgers University

Nature Communications, 2013, vol. 4, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract Two-dimensional electron systems in the presence of a magnetic field support topologically ordered states, in which the coexistence of an insulating bulk with conducting one-dimensional chiral edge states gives rise to the quantum Hall effect. For systems confined by sharp boundaries, theory predicts a unique edge-bulk correspondence, which is central to proposals of quantum Hall-based topological qubits. However, in conventional semiconductor-based two-dimensional electron systems, these elegant concepts are difficult to realize, because edge-state reconstruction due to soft boundaries destroys the edge-bulk correspondence. Here we use scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy to follow the spatial evolution of electronic (Landau) levels towards an edge of graphene supported above a graphite substrate. We observe no edge-state reconstruction, in agreement with calculations based on an atomically sharp boundary. Our results single out graphene as a system where the edge structure can be controlled and the edge-bulk correspondence is preserved.

Date: 2013
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2767

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