Photocurrent in graphene harnessed by tunable intrinsic plasmons

Marcus Freitag (), Tony Low, Wenjuan Zhu, Hugen Yan, Fengnian Xia and Phaedon Avouris
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Marcus Freitag: IBM TJ Watson Research Center, 1101 Kitchawan Road, Yorktown Heights, New York, New York 10598, USA
Tony Low: IBM TJ Watson Research Center, 1101 Kitchawan Road, Yorktown Heights, New York, New York 10598, USA
Wenjuan Zhu: IBM TJ Watson Research Center, 1101 Kitchawan Road, Yorktown Heights, New York, New York 10598, USA
Hugen Yan: IBM TJ Watson Research Center, 1101 Kitchawan Road, Yorktown Heights, New York, New York 10598, USA
Fengnian Xia: IBM TJ Watson Research Center, 1101 Kitchawan Road, Yorktown Heights, New York, New York 10598, USA
Phaedon Avouris: IBM TJ Watson Research Center, 1101 Kitchawan Road, Yorktown Heights, New York, New York 10598, USA

Nature Communications, 2013, vol. 4, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Graphene’s optical properties in the infrared and terahertz can be tailored and enhanced by patterning graphene into periodic metamaterials with sub-wavelength feature sizes. Here we demonstrate polarization-sensitive and gate-tunable photodetection in graphene nanoribbon arrays. The long-lived hybrid plasmon–phonon modes utilized are coupled excitations of electron density oscillations and substrate (SiO2) surface polar phonons. Their excitation by s-polarization leads to an in-resonance photocurrent, an order of magnitude larger than the photocurrent observed for p-polarization, which excites electron–hole pairs. The plasmonic detectors exhibit photo-induced temperature increases up to four times as large as comparable two-dimensional graphene detectors. Moreover, the photocurrent sign becomes polarization sensitive in the narrowest nanoribbon arrays owing to differences in decay channels for photoexcited hybrid plasmon–phonons and electrons. Our work provides a path to light-sensitive and frequency-selective photodetectors based on graphene’s plasmonic excitations.

Date: 2013
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2951

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