Cortical responses elicited by photovoltaic subretinal prostheses exhibit similarities to visually evoked potentials

Yossi Mandel (), Georges Goetz, Daniel Lavinsky, Philip Huie, Keith Mathieson, Lele Wang, Theodore Kamins, Ludwig Galambos, Richard Manivanh, James Harris and Daniel Palanker
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Yossi Mandel: Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University
Georges Goetz: Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University
Daniel Lavinsky: Stanford University
Philip Huie: Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University
Keith Mathieson: Institute of Photonics, University of Strathclyde
Lele Wang: Stanford University
Theodore Kamins: Stanford University
Ludwig Galambos: Stanford University
Richard Manivanh: Stanford University
James Harris: Stanford University
Daniel Palanker: Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University

Nature Communications, 2013, vol. 4, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract We have previously developed a wireless photovoltaic retinal prosthesis, in which camera-captured images are projected onto the retina using pulsed near-IR light. Each pixel in the subretinal implant directly converts pulsed light into local electric current to stimulate the nearby inner retinal neurons. Here we report that implants having pixel sizes of 280, 140 and 70 μm implanted in the subretinal space in rats with normal and degenerate retina elicit robust cortical responses upon stimulation with pulsed near-IR light. Implant-induced eVEP has shorter latency than visible light-induced VEP, its amplitude increases with peak irradiance and pulse duration, and decreases with frequency in the range of 2–20 Hz, similar to the visible light response. Modular design of the arrays allows scalability to a large number of pixels, and combined with the ease of implantation, offers a promising approach to restoration of sight in patients blinded by retinal degenerative diseases.

Date: 2013
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2980

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