Integrated Mach–Zehnder interferometer for Bose–Einstein condensates

T. Berrada, S. van Frank, R. Bücker, T. Schumm, J.-F. Schaff () and J Schmiedmayer
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T. Berrada: Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien
S. van Frank: Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien
R. Bücker: Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien
T. Schumm: Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien
J.-F. Schaff: Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien
J Schmiedmayer: Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien

Nature Communications, 2013, vol. 4, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Particle-wave duality enables the construction of interferometers for matter waves, which complement optical interferometers in precision measurement devices. This requires the development of atom-optics analogues to beam splitters, phase shifters and recombiners. Integrating these elements into a single device has been a long-standing goal. Here we demonstrate a full Mach–Zehnder sequence with trapped Bose–Einstein condensates confined on an atom chip. Particle interactions in our Bose–Einstein condensate matter waves lead to a nonlinearity, absent in photon optics. We exploit it to generate a non-classical state having reduced number fluctuations inside the interferometer. Making use of spatially separated wave packets, a controlled phase shift is applied and read out by a non-adiabatic matter-wave recombiner. We demonstrate coherence times a factor of three beyond what is expected for coherent states, highlighting the potential of entanglement as a resource for metrology. Our results pave the way for integrated quantum-enhanced matter-wave sensors.

Date: 2013
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3077

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