Efficient solar water splitting by enhanced charge separation in a bismuth vanadate-silicon tandem photoelectrode

Fatwa F. Abdi, Lihao Han, Arno H. M. Smets, Miro Zeman, Bernard Dam and Roel van de Krol ()
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Fatwa F. Abdi: Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage (MECS), Delft University of Technology
Lihao Han: Photovoltaic Materials and Devices (PVMD) Laboratory, Delft University of Technology
Arno H. M. Smets: Photovoltaic Materials and Devices (PVMD) Laboratory, Delft University of Technology
Miro Zeman: Photovoltaic Materials and Devices (PVMD) Laboratory, Delft University of Technology
Bernard Dam: Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage (MECS), Delft University of Technology
Roel van de Krol: Materials for Energy Conversion and Storage (MECS), Delft University of Technology

Nature Communications, 2013, vol. 4, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract Metal oxides are generally very stable in aqueous solutions and cheap, but their photochemical activity is usually limited by poor charge carrier separation. Here we show that this problem can be solved by introducing a gradient dopant concentration in the metal oxide film, thereby creating a distributed n+–n homojunction. This concept is demonstrated with a low-cost, spray-deposited and non-porous tungsten-doped bismuth vanadate photoanode in which carrier-separation efficiencies of up to 80% are achieved. By combining this state-of-the-art photoanode with an earth-abundant cobalt phosphate water-oxidation catalyst and a double- or single-junction amorphous Si solar cell in a tandem configuration, stable short-circuit water-splitting photocurrents of ~4 and 3 mA cm−2, respectively, are achieved under 1 sun illumination. The 4 mA cm−2 photocurrent corresponds to a solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 4.9%, which is the highest efficiency yet reported for a stand-alone water-splitting device based on a metal oxide photoanode.

Date: 2013
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3195

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