Photonic polarization gears for ultra-sensitive angular measurements

Vincenzo D'Ambrosio, Nicolò Spagnolo, Lorenzo Del Re, Sergei Slussarenko, Ying Li, Leong Chuan Kwek, Lorenzo Marrucci, Stephen P. Walborn, Leandro Aolita and Fabio Sciarrino ()
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Vincenzo D'Ambrosio: Sapienza Università di Roma
Nicolò Spagnolo: Sapienza Università di Roma
Lorenzo Del Re: Sapienza Università di Roma
Sergei Slussarenko: Università di Napoli Federico II, Compl. Univ. di Monte S. Angelo
Ying Li: Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore
Leong Chuan Kwek: Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore
Lorenzo Marrucci: Università di Napoli Federico II, Compl. Univ. di Monte S. Angelo
Stephen P. Walborn: Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
Leandro Aolita: ICFO-Institut de Ciències Fotòniques, Parc Mediterrani de la Tecnologia
Fabio Sciarrino: Sapienza Università di Roma

Nature Communications, 2013, vol. 4, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Quantum metrology bears a great promise in enhancing measurement precision, but is unlikely to become practical in the near future. Its concepts can nevertheless inspire classical or hybrid methods of immediate value. Here we demonstrate NOON-like photonic states of m quanta of angular momentum up to m=100, in a setup that acts as a ‘photonic gear’, converting, for each photon, a mechanical rotation of an angle θ into an amplified rotation of the optical polarization by mθ, corresponding to a ‘super-resolving’ Malus’ law. We show that this effect leads to single-photon angular measurements with the same precision of polarization-only quantum strategies with m photons, but robust to photon losses. Moreover, we combine the gear effect with the quantum enhancement due to entanglement, thus exploiting the advantages of both approaches. The high ‘gear ratio’ m boosts the current state of the art of optical non-contact angular measurements by almost two orders of magnitude.

Date: 2013
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3432

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