Draft genome sequence of the mulberry tree Morus notabilis

Ningjia He, Chi Zhang, Xiwu Qi, Shancen Zhao, Yong Tao, Guojun Yang, Tae-Ho Lee, Xiyin Wang, Qingle Cai, Dong Li, Mengzhu Lu, Sentai Liao, Guoqing Luo, Rongjun He, Xu Tan, Yunmin Xu, Tian Li, Aichun Zhao, Ling Jia, Qiang Fu, Qiwei Zeng, Chuan Gao, Bi Ma, Jiubo Liang, Xiling Wang, Jingzhe Shang, Penghua Song, Haiyang Wu, Li Fan, Qing Wang, Qin Shuai, Juanjuan Zhu, Congjin Wei, Keyan Zhu-Salzman, Dianchuan Jin, Jinpeng Wang, Tao Liu, Maode Yu, Cuiming Tang, Zhenjiang Wang, Fanwei Dai, Jiafei Chen, Yan Liu, Shutang Zhao, Tianbao Lin, Shougong Zhang, Junyi Wang, Jian Wang, Huanming Yang, Guangwei Yang, Jun Wang (), Andrew H. Paterson, Qingyou Xia, Dongfeng Ji () and Zhonghuai Xiang ()
Additional contact information
Ningjia He: State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University
Chi Zhang: BGI-Shenzhen
Xiwu Qi: State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University
Shancen Zhao: BGI-Shenzhen
Yong Tao: BGI-Shenzhen
Guojun Yang: University of Toronto at Mississauga
Tae-Ho Lee: Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia
Xiyin Wang: Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia
Qingle Cai: BGI-Shenzhen
Dong Li: State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University
Mengzhu Lu: State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry
Sentai Liao: Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Guoqing Luo: Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Rongjun He: BGI-Shenzhen
Xu Tan: Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia
Yunmin Xu: State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University
Tian Li: State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University
Aichun Zhao: State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University
Ling Jia: State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University
Qiang Fu: State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University
Qiwei Zeng: State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University
Chuan Gao: BGI-Shenzhen
Bi Ma: State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University
Jiubo Liang: State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University
Xiling Wang: State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University
Jingzhe Shang: State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University
Penghua Song: State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University
Haiyang Wu: BGI-Shenzhen
Li Fan: State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University
Qing Wang: State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University
Qin Shuai: State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University
Juanjuan Zhu: State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University
Congjin Wei: State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University
Keyan Zhu-Salzman: Texas A&M University
Dianchuan Jin: Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, Hebei United University
Jinpeng Wang: Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, Hebei United University
Tao Liu: Center for Genomics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, Hebei United University
Maode Yu: State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University
Cuiming Tang: Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Zhenjiang Wang: Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Fanwei Dai: Sericulture and Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Jiafei Chen: State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry
Yan Liu: Sericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science
Shutang Zhao: State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry
Tianbao Lin: Sericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science
Shougong Zhang: State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry
Junyi Wang: BGI-Shenzhen
Jian Wang: BGI-Shenzhen
Huanming Yang: BGI-Shenzhen
Guangwei Yang: State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University
Jun Wang: BGI-Shenzhen
Andrew H. Paterson: Plant Genome Mapping Laboratory, University of Georgia
Qingyou Xia: State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University
Dongfeng Ji: Sericultural Research Institute, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science
Zhonghuai Xiang: State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University

Nature Communications, 2013, vol. 4, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Human utilization of the mulberry–silkworm interaction started at least 5,000 years ago and greatly influenced world history through the Silk Road. Complementing the silkworm genome sequence, here we describe the genome of a mulberry species Morus notabilis. In the 330-Mb genome assembly, we identify 128 Mb of repetitive sequences and 29,338 genes, 60.8% of which are supported by transcriptome sequencing. Mulberry gene sequences appear to evolve ~3 times faster than other Rosales, perhaps facilitating the species’ spread worldwide. The mulberry tree is among a few eudicots but several Rosales that have not preserved genome duplications in more than 100 million years; however, a neopolyploid series found in the mulberry tree and several others suggest that new duplications may confer benefits. Five predicted mulberry miRNAs are found in the haemolymph and silk glands of the silkworm, suggesting interactions at molecular levels in the plant–herbivore relationship. The identification and analyses of mulberry genes involved in diversifying selection, resistance and protease inhibitor expressed in the laticifers will accelerate the improvement of mulberry plants.

Date: 2013
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3445

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