Analysis of mitochondrial genome diversity identifies new and ancient maternal lineages in Cambodian aborigines

Xiaoming Zhang, Xuebin Qi, Zhaohui Yang, Bun Serey, Tuot Sovannary, Long Bunnath, Hong Seang Aun, Ham Samnom, Hui Zhang, Qiang Lin, Mannis van Oven, Hong Shi () and Bing Su ()
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Xiaoming Zhang: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Xuebin Qi: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Zhaohui Yang: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Bun Serey: Royal University of Phnom Penh
Tuot Sovannary: Royal University of Phnom Penh
Long Bunnath: Royal University of Phnom Penh
Hong Seang Aun: Royal University of Phnom Penh
Ham Samnom: Capacity Development Facilitator for Handicap International Federation and Freelance Research
Hui Zhang: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Qiang Lin: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Mannis van Oven: Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam
Hong Shi: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Bing Su: State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Nature Communications, 2013, vol. 4, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Cambodia harbours a variety of aboriginal (and presumably ancient) populations that have largely been ignored in studies of genetic diversity. Here we investigate the matrilineal gene pool of 1,054 Cambodians from 14 geographic populations. Using mitochondrial whole-genome sequencing, we identify eight new mitochondrial DNA haplogroups, all of which are either newly defined basal haplogroups or basal sub-branches. Most of the new basal haplogroups have very old coalescence ages, ranging from ~55,000 to ~68,000 years, suggesting that present-day Cambodian aborigines still carry ancient genetic polymorphisms in their maternal lineages, and most of the common Cambodian haplogroups probably originated locally before expanding to the surrounding areas during prehistory. Moreover, we observe a relatively close relationship between Cambodians and populations from the Indian subcontinent, supporting the earliest costal route of migration of modern humans from Africa into mainland Southeast Asia by way of the Indian subcontinent some 60,000 years ago.

Date: 2013
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3599

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