Cumulative human impacts on marine predators

Sara M. Maxwell (), Elliott L. Hazen, Steven J. Bograd, Benjamin S. Halpern, Greg A. Breed, Barry Nickel, Nicole M. Teutschel, Larry B. Crowder, Scott Benson, Peter H. Dutton, Helen Bailey, Michelle A. Kappes, Carey E. Kuhn, Michael J. Weise, Bruce Mate, Scott A. Shaffer, Jason L. Hassrick, Robert W. Henry, Ladd Irvine, Birgitte I. McDonald, Patrick W. Robinson, Barbara A. Block and Daniel P. Costa
Additional contact information
Sara M. Maxwell: University of California Santa Cruz
Elliott L. Hazen: Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University
Steven J. Bograd: NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center
Benjamin S. Halpern: Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California, Santa Barbara
Greg A. Breed: Harvard Forest
Barry Nickel: Center for Integrated Spatial Research, University of California Santa Cruz
Nicole M. Teutschel: University of California Santa Cruz
Larry B. Crowder: Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University
Scott Benson: Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Peter H. Dutton: Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Helen Bailey: Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science
Michelle A. Kappes: University of California Santa Cruz
Carey E. Kuhn: National Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Michael J. Weise: Office of Naval Research
Bruce Mate: Hatfield Marine Science Center, Marine Mammal Institute, Oregon State University
Scott A. Shaffer: San Jose State University
Jason L. Hassrick: University of California Santa Cruz
Robert W. Henry: Institute of Marine Science, University of California Santa Cruz
Ladd Irvine: Hatfield Marine Science Center, Marine Mammal Institute, Oregon State University
Birgitte I. McDonald: Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego
Patrick W. Robinson: University of California Santa Cruz
Barbara A. Block: Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University
Daniel P. Costa: University of California Santa Cruz

Nature Communications, 2013, vol. 4, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Stressors associated with human activities interact in complex ways to affect marine ecosystems, yet we lack spatially explicit assessments of cumulative impacts on ecologically and economically key components such as marine predators. Here we develop a metric of cumulative utilization and impact (CUI) on marine predators by combining electronic tracking data of eight protected predator species (n=685 individuals) in the California Current Ecosystem with data on 24 anthropogenic stressors. We show significant variation in CUI with some of the highest impacts within US National Marine Sanctuaries. High variation in underlying species and cumulative impact distributions means that neither alone is sufficient for effective spatial management. Instead, comprehensive management approaches accounting for both cumulative human impacts and trade-offs among multiple stressors must be applied in planning the use of marine resources.

Date: 2013
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3688

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