Morphological and genetic evidence for early Holocene cattle management in northeastern China

Hucai Zhang, Johanna L.A. Paijmans, Fengqin Chang, Xiaohong Wu, Guangjie Chen, Chuzhao Lei, Xiujuan Yang, Zhenyi Wei, Daniel G. Bradley, Ludovic Orlando, Terry O’Connor and Michael Hofreiter ()
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Hucai Zhang: Key Laboratory of Plateau Lake Ecology and Global Change, College of Tourism and Geography, Yunnan Normal University
Johanna L.A. Paijmans: The University of York
Fengqin Chang: Key Laboratory of Plateau Lake Ecology and Global Change, College of Tourism and Geography, Yunnan Normal University
Xiaohong Wu: School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University
Guangjie Chen: Key Laboratory of Plateau Lake Ecology and Global Change, College of Tourism and Geography, Yunnan Normal University
Chuzhao Lei: Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Agriculture Molecular Biology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University
Xiujuan Yang: Museum of Heilongjiang Province
Zhenyi Wei: Museum of Heilongjiang Province
Daniel G. Bradley: Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin
Ludovic Orlando: Centre for Geogenetics, Natural History Museum Copenhagen
Terry O’Connor: The University of York
Michael Hofreiter: The University of York

Nature Communications, 2013, vol. 4, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract The domestication of cattle is generally accepted to have taken place in two independent centres: around 10,500 years ago in the Near East, giving rise to modern taurine cattle, and two millennia later in southern Asia, giving rise to zebu cattle. Here we provide firmly dated morphological and genetic evidence for early Holocene management of taurine cattle in northeastern China. We describe conjoining mandibles from this region that show evidence of oral stereotypy, dated to the early Holocene by two independent 14C dates. Using Illumina high-throughput sequencing coupled with DNA hybridization capture, we characterize 15,406 bp of the mitogenome with on average 16.7-fold coverage. Phylogenetic analyses reveal a hitherto unknown mitochondrial haplogroup that falls outside the known taurine diversity. Our data suggest that the first attempts to manage cattle in northern China predate the introduction of domestic cattle that gave rise to the current stock by several thousand years.

Date: 2013
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3755

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