Full open-framework batteries for stationary energy storage

Mauro Pasta, Colin D. Wessells, Nian Liu, Johanna Nelson, Matthew T. McDowell, Robert A. Huggins, Michael F. Toney and Yi Cui ()
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Mauro Pasta: Stanford University
Colin D. Wessells: Stanford University
Nian Liu: Stanford University
Johanna Nelson: Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
Matthew T. McDowell: Stanford University
Robert A. Huggins: Stanford University
Michael F. Toney: Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
Yi Cui: Stanford University

Nature Communications, 2014, vol. 5, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract New types of energy storage are needed in conjunction with the deployment of renewable energy sources and their integration with the electrical grid. We have recently introduced a family of cathodes involving the reversible insertion of cations into materials with the Prussian Blue open-framework crystal structure. Here we report a newly developed manganese hexacyanomanganate open-framework anode that has the same crystal structure. By combining it with the previously reported copper hexacyanoferrate cathode we demonstrate a safe, fast, inexpensive, long-cycle life aqueous electrolyte battery, which involves the insertion of sodium ions. This high rate, high efficiency cell shows a 96.7% round trip energy efficiency when cycled at a 5C rate and an 84.2% energy efficiency at a 50C rate. There is no measurable capacity loss after 1,000 deep-discharge cycles. Bulk quantities of the electrode materials can be produced by a room temperature chemical synthesis from earth-abundant precursors.

Date: 2014
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4007

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