Manipulating surface reactions in lithium–sulphur batteries using hybrid anode structures

Cheng Huang, Jie Xiao, Yuyan Shao, Jianming Zheng, Wendy D. Bennett, Dongping Lu, Laxmikant V. Saraf, Mark Engelhard, Liwen Ji, Jiguang Zhang, Xiaolin Li, Gordon L. Graff and Jun Liu ()
Additional contact information
Cheng Huang: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Jie Xiao: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Yuyan Shao: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Jianming Zheng: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Wendy D. Bennett: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Dongping Lu: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Laxmikant V. Saraf: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Mark Engelhard: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Liwen Ji: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Jiguang Zhang: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Xiaolin Li: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Gordon L. Graff: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Jun Liu: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory

Nature Communications, 2014, vol. 5, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Lithium–sulphur batteries have high theoretical energy density and potentially low cost, but significant challenges such as severe capacity degradation prevent its widespread adoption. Here we report a new design of lithium–sulphur battery using electrically connected graphite and lithium metal as a hybrid anode to control undesirable surface reactions on lithium. Lithiated graphite placed in front of the lithium metal functions as an artificial, self-regulated solid electrolyte interface layer to actively control the electrochemical reactions and minimize the deleterious side reactions, leading to significant performance improvements. Lithium–sulphur cells incorporating this hybrid anodes deliver capacities of >800 mAh g−1 for 400 cycles at a high rate of 1,737 mA g−1, with only 11% capacity fade and a Coulombic efficiency >99%. This simple hybrid concept may also provide scientific strategies for protecting metal anodes in other energy-storage devices.

Date: 2014
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4015

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