Distinct Orai-coupling domains in STIM1 and STIM2 define the Orai-activating site

Xizhuo Wang, Youjun Wang (), Yandong Zhou, Eunan Hendron, Salvatore Mancarella, Mark D Andrake, Brad S Rothberg, Jonathan Soboloff and Donald L Gill ()
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Xizhuo Wang: Temple University School of Medicine
Youjun Wang: Temple University School of Medicine
Yandong Zhou: Temple University School of Medicine
Eunan Hendron: Temple University School of Medicine
Salvatore Mancarella: Temple University School of Medicine
Mark D Andrake: Institute for Cancer Research, Fox Chase Cancer Center
Brad S Rothberg: Temple University School of Medicine
Jonathan Soboloff: Temple University School of Medicine
Donald L Gill: Temple University School of Medicine

Nature Communications, 2014, vol. 5, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract STIM1 and STIM2 are widely expressed endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ sensor proteins able to translocate within the ER membrane to physically couple with and gate plasma membrane Orai Ca2+ channels. Although they are structurally similar, we reveal critical differences in the function of the short STIM-Orai-activating regions (SOAR) of STIM1 and STIM2. We narrow these differences in Orai1 gating to a strategically exposed phenylalanine residue (Phe-394) in SOAR1, which in SOAR2 is substituted by a leucine residue. Remarkably, in full-length STIM1, replacement of Phe-394 with the dimensionally similar but polar histidine head group prevents both Orai1 binding and gating, creating an Orai1 non-agonist. Thus, this residue is critical in tuning the efficacy of Orai activation. While STIM1 is a full Orai1-agonist, leucine-replacement of this crucial residue in STIM2 endows it with partial agonist properties, which may be critical for limiting Orai1 activation stemming from its enhanced sensitivity to store-depletion.

Date: 2014
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4183

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