3D multifunctional integumentary membranes for spatiotemporal cardiac measurements and stimulation across the entire epicardium

Lizhi Xu, Sarah R. Gutbrod, Andrew P. Bonifas, Yewang Su, Matthew S. Sulkin, Nanshu Lu, Hyun-Joong Chung, Kyung-In Jang, Zhuangjian Liu, Ming Ying, Chi Lu, R. Chad Webb, Jong-Seon Kim, Jacob I. Laughner, Huanyu Cheng, Yuhao Liu, Abid Ameen, Jae-Woong Jeong, Gwang-Tae Kim, Yonggang Huang, Igor R. Efimov () and John A. Rogers ()
Additional contact information
Lizhi Xu: Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Sarah R. Gutbrod: Washington University in Saint Louis
Andrew P. Bonifas: Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Yewang Su: Center for Engineering and Health and Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University
Matthew S. Sulkin: Washington University in Saint Louis
Nanshu Lu: University of Texas at Austin
Hyun-Joong Chung: University of Alberta
Kyung-In Jang: Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Zhuangjian Liu: Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research
Ming Ying: Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Chi Lu: Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
R. Chad Webb: Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Jong-Seon Kim: Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Jacob I. Laughner: Washington University in Saint Louis
Huanyu Cheng: Center for Engineering and Health and Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University
Yuhao Liu: Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Abid Ameen: Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Jae-Woong Jeong: Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Gwang-Tae Kim: Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Yonggang Huang: Center for Engineering and Health and Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University
Igor R. Efimov: Washington University in Saint Louis
John A. Rogers: Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Nature Communications, 2014, vol. 5, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract Means for high-density multiparametric physiological mapping and stimulation are critically important in both basic and clinical cardiology. Current conformal electronic systems are essentially 2D sheets, which cannot cover the full epicardial surface or maintain reliable contact for chronic use without sutures or adhesives. Here we create 3D elastic membranes shaped precisely to match the epicardium of the heart via the use of 3D printing, as a platform for deformable arrays of multifunctional sensors, electronic and optoelectronic components. Such integumentary devices completely envelop the heart, in a form-fitting manner, and possess inherent elasticity, providing a mechanically stable biotic/abiotic interface during normal cardiac cycles. Component examples range from actuators for electrical, thermal and optical stimulation, to sensors for pH, temperature and mechanical strain. The semiconductor materials include silicon, gallium arsenide and gallium nitride, co-integrated with metals, metal oxides and polymers, to provide these and other operational capabilities. Ex vivo physiological experiments demonstrate various functions and methodological possibilities for cardiac research and therapy.

Date: 2014
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4329

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