The origin of the bifurcated axial skeletal system in the twin-tail goldfish

Gembu Abe, Shu-Hua Lee, Mariann Chang, Shih-Chieh Liu, Hsin-Yuan Tsai and Kinya G. Ota ()
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Gembu Abe: Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica
Shu-Hua Lee: Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica
Mariann Chang: Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica
Shih-Chieh Liu: Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica
Hsin-Yuan Tsai: Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica
Kinya G. Ota: Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica

Nature Communications, 2014, vol. 5, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract Twin-tail goldfish possess a bifurcated caudal axial skeleton. The scarcity of this trait in nature suggests that a rare mutation, which drastically altered the mechanisms underlying axial skeleton formation, may have occurred during goldfish domestication. However, little is known about the molecular development of twin-tail goldfish. Here we show that the bifurcated caudal skeleton arises from a mutation in the chordin gene, which affects embryonic dorsal–ventral (DV) patterning. We demonstrate that formation of the bifurcated caudal axial skeleton requires a stop-codon mutation in one of two recently duplicated chordin genes; this mutation may have occurred within approximately 600 years of domestication. We also report that the ventral tissues of the twin-tail strain are enlarged, and form the embryonic bifurcated fin fold. However, unlike previously described chordin-deficient embryos, this is not accompanied by a reduction in anterior–dorsal neural tissues. These results provide insight into large-scale evolution arising from artificial selection.

Date: 2014
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4360

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