A mutation in the enzyme monoamine oxidase explains part of the Astyanax cavefish behavioural syndrome

Yannick Elipot, Hélène Hinaux, Jacques Callebert, Jean-Marie Launay, Maryline Blin and Sylvie Rétaux ()
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Yannick Elipot: DECA Group, UPR3294 CNRS, 1, avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
Hélène Hinaux: DECA Group, UPR3294 CNRS, 1, avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
Jacques Callebert: Service Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire U942 INSERM, Hôpital Lariboisière, 41 boulevard de la Chapelle
Jean-Marie Launay: Service Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire U942 INSERM, Hôpital Lariboisière, 41 boulevard de la Chapelle
Maryline Blin: DECA Group, UPR3294 CNRS, 1, avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France
Sylvie Rétaux: DECA Group, UPR3294 CNRS, 1, avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif sur Yvette, France

Nature Communications, 2014, vol. 5, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract We use Astyanax mexicanus, a single species with surface-dwelling forms (SF) and blind de-pigmented cave forms (CF), to study mechanisms underlying the evolution of brain and behaviour. In CF, the origin of changes in complex motivated behaviours (social, feeding, sleeping, exploratory) is unknown. Here we find a hyper-aminergic phenotype in CF brains, including high levels and neurotransmission indexes for serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline, and low monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity. Although MAO expression is unchanged in CF, a pro106leu mutation is identified in the MAO coding sequence. This mutation is responsible for low MAO activity and high serotonin neurotransmission index in CF brains. We find the same mutated allele in several natural CF populations, some being independently evolved. Such occurrence of the same allele in several caves may suggest that low MAO activity is advantageous for cave life. These results provide a genetic basis for several aspects of the cavefish ‘behavioural syndrome’.

Date: 2014
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4647

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