Gut microbiome of the Hadza hunter-gatherers

Stephanie L. Schnorr, Marco Candela, Simone Rampelli, Manuela Centanni, Clarissa Consolandi, Giulia Basaglia, Silvia Turroni, Elena Biagi, Clelia Peano, Marco Severgnini, Jessica Fiori, Roberto Gotti, Gianluca De Bellis, Donata Luiselli, Patrizia Brigidi, Audax Mabulla, Frank Marlowe, Amanda G. Henry () and Alyssa N. Crittenden
Additional contact information
Stephanie L. Schnorr: Plant Foods in Hominin Dietary Ecology Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
Marco Candela: University of Bologna
Simone Rampelli: University of Bologna
Manuela Centanni: University of Bologna
Clarissa Consolandi: Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Italian National Research Council
Giulia Basaglia: University of Bologna
Silvia Turroni: University of Bologna
Elena Biagi: University of Bologna
Clelia Peano: Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Italian National Research Council
Marco Severgnini: Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Italian National Research Council
Jessica Fiori: University of Bologna
Roberto Gotti: University of Bologna
Gianluca De Bellis: Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Italian National Research Council
Donata Luiselli: Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna
Patrizia Brigidi: University of Bologna
Audax Mabulla: College of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam
Frank Marlowe: University of Cambridge
Amanda G. Henry: Plant Foods in Hominin Dietary Ecology Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
Alyssa N. Crittenden: Metabolism, Anthropometry, and Nutrition Laboratory, University of Nevada

Nature Communications, 2014, vol. 5, issue 1, 1-12

Abstract: Abstract Human gut microbiota directly influences health and provides an extra means of adaptive potential to different lifestyles. To explore variation in gut microbiota and to understand how these bacteria may have co-evolved with humans, here we investigate the phylogenetic diversity and metabolite production of the gut microbiota from a community of human hunter-gatherers, the Hadza of Tanzania. We show that the Hadza have higher levels of microbial richness and biodiversity than Italian urban controls. Further comparisons with two rural farming African groups illustrate other features unique to Hadza that can be linked to a foraging lifestyle. These include absence of Bifidobacterium and differences in microbial composition between the sexes that probably reflect sexual division of labour. Furthermore, enrichment in Prevotella, Treponema and unclassified Bacteroidetes, as well as a peculiar arrangement of Clostridiales taxa, may enhance the Hadza’s ability to digest and extract valuable nutrition from fibrous plant foods.

Date: 2014
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4654

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