Genomic adaptations of the halophilic Dead Sea filamentous fungus Eurotium rubrum

Tamar Kis-Papo, Alfons R. Weig, Robert Riley, Derek Peršoh, Asaf Salamov, Hui Sun, Anna Lipzen, Solomon P. Wasser, Gerhard Rambold (), Igor V. Grigoriev () and Eviatar Nevo ()
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Tamar Kis-Papo: Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 199 Aba-Hushi Avenue Mount Carmel
Alfons R. Weig: DNA-Analytics and Ecoinformatics, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30
Robert Riley: 2800 Mitchell Drive
Derek Peršoh: University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30
Asaf Salamov: 2800 Mitchell Drive
Hui Sun: 2800 Mitchell Drive
Anna Lipzen: 2800 Mitchell Drive
Solomon P. Wasser: Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 199 Aba-Hushi Avenue Mount Carmel
Gerhard Rambold: DNA-Analytics and Ecoinformatics, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30
Igor V. Grigoriev: 2800 Mitchell Drive
Eviatar Nevo: Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 199 Aba-Hushi Avenue Mount Carmel

Nature Communications, 2014, vol. 5, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract The Dead Sea is one of the most hypersaline habitats on Earth. The fungus Eurotium rubrum (Eurotiomycetes) is among the few species able to survive there. Here we highlight its adaptive strategies, based on genome analysis and transcriptome profiling. The 26.2 Mb genome of E. rubrum shows, for example, gains in gene families related to stress response and losses with regard to transport processes. Transcriptome analyses under different salt growth conditions revealed, among other things differentially expressed genes encoding ion and metabolite transporters. Our findings suggest that long-term adaptation to salinity requires cellular and metabolic responses that differ from short-term osmotic stress signalling. The transcriptional response indicates that halophilic E. rubrum actively counteracts the salinity stress. Many of its genes encode for proteins with a significantly higher proportion of acidic amino acid residues. This trait is characteristic of the halophilic prokaryotes as well, supporting the theory of convergent evolution under extreme hypersaline stress.

Date: 2014
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4745

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