Improving lithium–sulphur batteries through spatial control of sulphur species deposition on a hybrid electrode surface

Hongbin Yao, Guangyuan Zheng, Po-Chun Hsu, Desheng Kong, Judy J. Cha, Weiyang Li, Zhi Wei Seh, Matthew T. McDowell, Kai Yan, Zheng Liang, Vijay Kris Narasimhan and Yi Cui ()
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Hongbin Yao: Stanford University
Guangyuan Zheng: Stanford University
Po-Chun Hsu: Stanford University
Desheng Kong: Stanford University
Judy J. Cha: Stanford University
Weiyang Li: Stanford University
Zhi Wei Seh: Stanford University
Matthew T. McDowell: Stanford University
Kai Yan: Stanford University
Zheng Liang: Stanford University
Vijay Kris Narasimhan: Stanford University
Yi Cui: Stanford University

Nature Communications, 2014, vol. 5, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Lithium–sulphur batteries are attractive owing to their high theoretical energy density and reasonable kinetics. Despite the success of trapping soluble polysulphides in a matrix with high surface area, spatial control of solid-state sulphur and lithium sulphide species deposition as a critical aspect has not been demonstrated. Herein, we show a clear visual evidence that these solid species deposit preferentially onto tin-doped indium oxide instead of carbon during electrochemical charge/discharge of soluble polysuphides. To incorporate this concept of spatial control into more practical battery electrodes, we further prepare carbon nanofibers with tin-doped indium oxide nanoparticles decorating the surface as hybrid three-dimensional electrodes to maximize the number of deposition sites. With 12.5 μl of 5 M Li2S8 as the catholyte and a rate of C/5, we can reach the theoretical limit of Li2S8 capacity ~\n1,470 mAh g−1 (sulphur weight) under the loading of hybrid electrode only at 4.3 mg cm−2.

Date: 2014
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4943

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