Genome-wide adaptive complexes to underground stresses in blind mole rats Spalax

Xiaodong Fang, Eviatar Nevo (), Lijuan Han, Erez Y. Levanon, Jing Zhao, Aaron Avivi, Denis Larkin, Xuanting Jiang, Sergey Feranchuk, Yabing Zhu, Alla Fishman, Yue Feng, Noa Sher, Zhiqiang Xiong, Thomas Hankeln, Zhiyong Huang, Vera Gorbunova, Lu Zhang, Wei Zhao, Derek E. Wildman, Yingqi Xiong, Andrei Gudkov, Qiumei Zheng, Gideon Rechavi, Sanyang Liu, Lily Bazak, Jie Chen, Binyamin A. Knisbacher, Yao Lu, Imad Shams, Krzysztof Gajda, Marta Farré, Jaebum Kim, Harris A. Lewin, Jian Ma, Mark Band, Anne Bicker, Angela Kranz, Tobias Mattheus, Hanno Schmidt, Andrei Seluanov, Jorge Azpurua, Michael R. McGowen, Eshel Ben Jacob, Kexin Li, Shaoliang Peng, Xiaoqian Zhu, Xiangke Liao, Shuaicheng Li, Anders Krogh, Xin Zhou (), Leonid Brodsky () and Jun Wang ()
Additional contact information
Xiaodong Fang: BGI-Tech, BGI-Shenzhen
Eviatar Nevo: Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel
Lijuan Han: BGI-Tech, BGI-Shenzhen
Erez Y. Levanon: The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University
Jing Zhao: University of Copenhagen
Aaron Avivi: Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel
Denis Larkin: Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University
Xuanting Jiang: BGI-Tech, BGI-Shenzhen
Sergey Feranchuk: Tauber Bioinformatics Research Center, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel
Yabing Zhu: BGI-Tech, BGI-Shenzhen
Alla Fishman: Tauber Bioinformatics Research Center, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel
Yue Feng: BGI-Tech, BGI-Shenzhen
Noa Sher: Tauber Bioinformatics Research Center, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel
Zhiqiang Xiong: BGI-Tech, BGI-Shenzhen
Thomas Hankeln: Institute of Molecular Genetics, Johannes Gutenberg University
Zhiyong Huang: BGI-Tech, BGI-Shenzhen
Vera Gorbunova: University of Rochester
Lu Zhang: BGI-Tech, BGI-Shenzhen
Wei Zhao: BGI-Tech, BGI-Shenzhen
Derek E. Wildman: Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine
Yingqi Xiong: China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen
Andrei Gudkov: Roswell Park Cancer Institute
Qiumei Zheng: China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen
Gideon Rechavi: Edmond and Lily Safra Children’s Hospital and Sheba Cancer Research Center, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center
Sanyang Liu: BGI-Tech, BGI-Shenzhen
Lily Bazak: The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University
Jie Chen: BGI-Tech, BGI-Shenzhen
Binyamin A. Knisbacher: The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University
Yao Lu: BGI-Tech, BGI-Shenzhen
Imad Shams: Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel
Krzysztof Gajda: Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University
Marta Farré: Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University
Jaebum Kim: Konkuk University
Harris A. Lewin: University of California
Jian Ma: Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Mark Band: Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois
Anne Bicker: Institute of Molecular Genetics, Johannes Gutenberg University
Angela Kranz: Institute of Molecular Genetics, Johannes Gutenberg University
Tobias Mattheus: Institute of Molecular Genetics, Johannes Gutenberg University
Hanno Schmidt: Institute of Molecular Genetics, Johannes Gutenberg University
Andrei Seluanov: University of Rochester
Jorge Azpurua: University of Rochester
Michael R. McGowen: Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine
Eshel Ben Jacob: School of Physics and Astronomy, Maguy-Glass Chair in Physics of Complex Systems, Tel Aviv University
Kexin Li: Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel
Shaoliang Peng: School of Computer Science & State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing, National University of Defense Technology
Xiaoqian Zhu: School of Computer Science & State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing, National University of Defense Technology
Xiangke Liao: School of Computer Science & State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing, National University of Defense Technology
Shuaicheng Li: City University of Hong Kong
Anders Krogh: University of Copenhagen
Xin Zhou: China National GeneBank, BGI-Shenzhen
Leonid Brodsky: Tauber Bioinformatics Research Center, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel
Jun Wang: BGI-Tech, BGI-Shenzhen

Nature Communications, 2014, vol. 5, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract The blind mole rat (BMR), Spalax galili, is an excellent model for studying mammalian adaptation to life underground and medical applications. The BMR spends its entire life underground, protecting itself from predators and climatic fluctuations while challenging it with multiple stressors such as darkness, hypoxia, hypercapnia, energetics and high pathonecity. Here we sequence and analyse the BMR genome and transcriptome, highlighting the possible genomic adaptive responses to the underground stressors. Our results show high rates of RNA/DNA editing, reduced chromosome rearrangements, an over-representation of short interspersed elements (SINEs) probably linked to hypoxia tolerance, degeneration of vision and progression of photoperiodic perception, tolerance to hypercapnia and hypoxia and resistance to cancer. The remarkable traits of the BMR, together with its genomic and transcriptomic information, enhance our understanding of adaptation to extreme environments and will enable the utilization of BMR models for biomedical research in the fight against cancer, stroke and cardiovascular diseases.

Date: 2014
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4966

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