Expanded graphite as superior anode for sodium-ion batteries

Yang Wen, Kai He, Yujie Zhu, Fudong Han, Yunhua Xu, Isamu Matsuda, Yoshitaka Ishii, John Cumings () and Chunsheng Wang ()
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Yang Wen: University of Maryland
Kai He: University of Maryland
Yujie Zhu: University of Maryland
Fudong Han: University of Maryland
Yunhua Xu: University of Maryland
Isamu Matsuda: University of Illinois at Chicago
Yoshitaka Ishii: University of Illinois at Chicago
John Cumings: University of Maryland
Chunsheng Wang: University of Maryland

Nature Communications, 2014, vol. 5, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract Graphite, as the most common anode for commercial Li-ion batteries, has been reported to have a very low capacity when used as a Na-ion battery anode. It is well known that electrochemical insertion of Na+ into graphite is significantly hindered by the insufficient interlayer spacing. Here we report expanded graphite as a Na-ion battery anode. Prepared through a process of oxidation and partial reduction on graphite, expanded graphite has an enlarged interlayer lattice distance of 4.3 Å yet retains an analogous long-range-ordered layered structure to graphite. In situ transmission electron microscopy has demonstrated that the Na-ion can be reversibly inserted into and extracted from expanded graphite. Galvanostatic studies show that expanded graphite can deliver a high reversible capacity of 284 mAh g−1 at a current density of 20 mA g−1, maintain a capacity of 184 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1, and retain 73.92% of its capacity after 2,000 cycles.

Date: 2014
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5033

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