Evidence for interacting two-level systems from the 1/f noise of a superconducting resonator

J. Burnett, L. Faoro, I. Wisby, V. L. Gurtovoi, A. V. Chernykh, G. M. Mikhailov, V. A. Tulin, R. Shaikhaidarov, V. Antonov, P. J. Meeson, A. Ya. Tzalenchuk and T. Lindström ()
Additional contact information
J. Burnett: National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK
L. Faoro: Laboratoire de Physique Theorique et Hautes Energies, CNRS UMR 7589, Universites Paris 6 et 7, 4 place Jussieu
I. Wisby: National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK
V. L. Gurtovoi: Institute of Microelectronics Technology and High Purity Materials, Academician Ossipyan strasse, 6, Chernogolovka, Moscow 142432, Russia
A. V. Chernykh: Institute of Microelectronics Technology and High Purity Materials, Academician Ossipyan strasse, 6, Chernogolovka, Moscow 142432, Russia
G. M. Mikhailov: Institute of Microelectronics Technology and High Purity Materials, Academician Ossipyan strasse, 6, Chernogolovka, Moscow 142432, Russia
V. A. Tulin: Institute of Microelectronics Technology and High Purity Materials, Academician Ossipyan strasse, 6, Chernogolovka, Moscow 142432, Russia
R. Shaikhaidarov: Royal Holloway, University of London
V. Antonov: Royal Holloway, University of London
P. J. Meeson: Royal Holloway, University of London
A. Ya. Tzalenchuk: National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK
T. Lindström: National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, UK

Nature Communications, 2014, vol. 5, issue 1, 1-6

Abstract: Abstract The performance of a great variety of electronic devices—ranging from semiconductor transistors to superconducting qubits—is hampered by low-frequency noise with spectra proportional to 1/f. The ubiquity and negative impact of 1/f noise has motivated intensive research into its cause, and it is now believed to originate from a bath of fluctuating two-level defect states (TLSs) embedded in the material. This phenomenon is commonly described by the long-established standard tunnelling model (STM) of independent TLS. A key prediction of STM is that the noise should vanish at low temperatures. Here we report measurements on superconducting microresonators over previously unattainable, very long time scales that show an increase in 1/f noise at low temperatures and low microwave power, contrary to the STM. We propose a new generalised tunnelling model that includes significant interaction between multiple TLSs, which fully describes these observations, as well as recent studies of individual TLS lifetimes in superconducting qubits.

Date: 2014
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5119

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