Functional links between stability and reactivity of strontium ruthenate single crystals during oxygen evolution

Seo Hyoung Chang, Nemanja Danilovic, Kee-Chul Chang, Ram Subbaraman, Arvydas P. Paulikas, Dillon D. Fong, Matthew J. Highland, Peter M. Baldo, Vojislav R. Stamenkovic, John W. Freeland, Jeffrey A. Eastman () and Nenad M. Markovic ()
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Seo Hyoung Chang: Argonne National Laboratory
Nemanja Danilovic: Argonne National Laboratory
Kee-Chul Chang: Argonne National Laboratory
Ram Subbaraman: Argonne National Laboratory
Arvydas P. Paulikas: Argonne National Laboratory
Dillon D. Fong: Argonne National Laboratory
Matthew J. Highland: Argonne National Laboratory
Peter M. Baldo: Argonne National Laboratory
Vojislav R. Stamenkovic: Argonne National Laboratory
John W. Freeland: Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory
Jeffrey A. Eastman: Argonne National Laboratory
Nenad M. Markovic: Argonne National Laboratory

Nature Communications, 2014, vol. 5, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract In developing cost-effective complex oxide materials for the oxygen evolution reaction, it is critical to establish the missing links between structure and function at the atomic level. The fundamental and practical implications of the relationship on any oxide surface are prerequisite to the design of new stable and active materials. Here we report an intimate relationship between the stability and reactivity of oxide catalysts in exploring the reaction on strontium ruthenate single-crystal thin films in alkaline environments. We determine that for strontium ruthenate films with the same conductance, the degree of stability, decreasing in the order (001)>(110)>(111), is inversely proportional to the activity. Both stability and reactivity are governed by the potential-induced transformation of stable Ru4+ to unstable Run>4+. This ordered(Ru4+)-to-disordered(Run>4+) transition and the development of active sites for the reaction are determined by a synergy between electronic and morphological effects.

Date: 2014
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5191

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