Ultrafast fluorescence imaging in vivo with conjugated polymer fluorophores in the second near-infrared window

Guosong Hong, Yingping Zou (), Alexander L. Antaris, Shuo Diao, Di Wu, Kai Cheng, Xiaodong Zhang, Changxin Chen, Bo Liu, Yuehui He, Justin Z. Wu, Jun Yuan, Bo Zhang, Zhimin Tao, Chihiro Fukunaga and Hongjie Dai ()
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Guosong Hong: Stanford University
Yingping Zou: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University
Alexander L. Antaris: Stanford University
Shuo Diao: Stanford University
Di Wu: Stanford University
Kai Cheng: School of Medicine, Stanford University
Xiaodong Zhang: Stanford University
Changxin Chen: Stanford University
Bo Liu: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University
Yuehui He: State Key Laboratory for Powder Metallurgy, Central South University
Justin Z. Wu: Stanford University
Jun Yuan: College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University
Bo Zhang: Stanford University
Zhimin Tao: Stanford University
Chihiro Fukunaga: Stanford University
Hongjie Dai: Stanford University

Nature Communications, 2014, vol. 5, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract In vivo fluorescence imaging in the second near-infrared window (1.0–1.7 μm) can afford deep tissue penetration and high spatial resolution, owing to the reduced scattering of long-wavelength photons. Here we synthesize a series of low-bandgap donor/acceptor copolymers with tunable emission wavelengths of 1,050–1,350 nm in this window. Non-covalent functionalization with phospholipid–polyethylene glycol results in water-soluble and biocompatible polymeric nanoparticles, allowing for live cell molecular imaging at >1,000 nm with polymer fluorophores for the first time. Importantly, the high quantum yield of the polymer allows for in vivo, deep-tissue and ultrafast imaging of mouse arterial blood flow with an unprecedented frame rate of >25 frames per second. The high time-resolution results in spatially and time resolved imaging of the blood flow pattern in cardiogram waveform over a single cardiac cycle (~200 ms) of a mouse, which has not been observed with fluorescence imaging in this window before.

Date: 2014
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5206

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