Rediscovering black phosphorus as an anisotropic layered material for optoelectronics and electronics

Fengnian Xia (), Han Wang () and Yichen Jia
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Fengnian Xia: Yale University
Han Wang: IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center
Yichen Jia: Yale University

Nature Communications, 2014, vol. 5, issue 1, 1-6

Abstract: Abstract Graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are the two major types of layered materials under intensive investigation. However, the zero-bandgap nature of graphene and the relatively low mobility in TMDCs limit their applications. Here we reintroduce black phosphorus (BP), the most stable allotrope of phosphorus with strong intrinsic in-plane anisotropy, to the layered-material family. For 15-nm-thick BP, we measure a Hall mobility of 1,000 and 600 cm2V−1s−1 for holes along the light (x) and heavy (y) effective mass directions at 120 K. BP thin films also exhibit large and anisotropic in-plane optical conductivity from 2 to 5 μm. Field-effect transistors using 5 nm BP along x direction exhibit an on–off current ratio exceeding 105, a field-effect mobility of 205 cm2V−1s−1, and good current saturation characteristics all at room temperature. BP shows great potential for thin-film electronics, infrared optoelectronics and novel devices in which anisotropic properties are desirable.

Date: 2014
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5458

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