Persistence of pressure patterns over North America and the North Pacific since AD 1500

Erika K. Wise () and Matthew P. Dannenberg
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Erika K. Wise: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Matthew P. Dannenberg: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Nature Communications, 2014, vol. 5, issue 1, 1-6

Abstract: Abstract Changes in moisture delivery to western North America are largely controlled by interrelated, synoptic-scale atmospheric pressure patterns. Long-term records of upper-atmosphere pressure and related circulation patterns are needed to assess potential drivers of past severe droughts and evaluate how future climate changes may impact hydroclimatic systems. Here we develop a tree-ring-based climate field reconstruction of cool-season 500 hPa geopotential height on a 2° × 2° grid over North America and the North Pacific to AD 1500 and examine the frequency and persistence of preinstrumental atmospheric pressure patterns using Self-Organizing Maps. Our results show extended time periods dominated by a set of persistent upper-air pressure patterns, providing insight into the atmospheric conditions leading to periods of sustained drought and pluvial periods in the preinstrumental past. A striking shift from meridional to zonal flow occurred at the end of the Little Ice Age and was sustained for several decades.

Date: 2014
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5912

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