Implementation of a quantum metamaterial using superconducting qubits

Pascal Macha (), Gregor Oelsner, Jan-Michael Reiner, Michael Marthaler, Stephan André, Gerd Schön, Uwe Hübner, Hans-Georg Meyer, Evgeni Il’ichev and Alexey V. Ustinov ()
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Pascal Macha: Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology
Gregor Oelsner: Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology
Jan-Michael Reiner: Institut für Theoretische Festkörperphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Michael Marthaler: Institut für Theoretische Festkörperphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Stephan André: Institut für Theoretische Festkörperphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Gerd Schön: Institut für Theoretische Festkörperphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Uwe Hübner: Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology
Hans-Georg Meyer: Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology
Evgeni Il’ichev: Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology
Alexey V. Ustinov: Physikalisches Institut, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology

Nature Communications, 2014, vol. 5, issue 1, 1-6

Abstract: Abstract The key issue for the implementation of a metamaterial is to demonstrate the existence of collective modes corresponding to coherent oscillations of the meta-atoms. Atoms of natural materials interact with electromagnetic fields as quantum two-level systems. Artificial quantum two-level systems can be made, for example, using superconducting nonlinear resonators cooled down to their ground state. Here we perform an experiment in which 20 of these quantum meta-atoms, so-called flux qubits, are embedded into a microwave resonator. We observe the dispersive shift of the resonator frequency imposed by the qubit metamaterial and the collective resonant coupling of eight qubits. The realized prototype represents a mesoscopic limit of naturally occurring spin ensembles and as such we demonstrate the AC-Zeeman shift of a resonant qubit ensemble. The studied system constitutes the implementation of a basic quantum metamaterial in the sense that many artificial atoms are coupled collectively to the quantized mode of a photon field.

Date: 2014
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6146

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