Nasal immunity is an ancient arm of the mucosal immune system of vertebrates

Luca Tacchi, Rami Musharrafieh, Erin T. Larragoite, Kyle Crossey, Erik B. Erhardt, Samuel A. M. Martin, Scott E. LaPatra and Irene Salinas ()
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Luca Tacchi: Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico
Rami Musharrafieh: Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico
Erin T. Larragoite: Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico
Kyle Crossey: Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico
Erik B. Erhardt: University of New Mexico
Samuel A. M. Martin: Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen
Scott E. LaPatra: Research Division Clear Springs Foods Inc
Irene Salinas: Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico

Nature Communications, 2014, vol. 5, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract The mucosal surfaces of all vertebrates have been exposed to similar evolutionary pressures for millions of years. In terrestrial vertebrates such as birds and mammals, the nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) represents a first line of immune defence. Here we propose that NALT is an ancient arm of the mucosal immune system not restricted to terrestrial vertebrates. We find that NALT is present in rainbow trout and that it resembles other teleost mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues. Trout NALT consists of diffuse lymphoid cells and lacks tonsils and adenoids. The predominant B-cell subset found in trout NALT are IgT+ B cells, similar to skin and gut. The trout olfactory organ is colonized by abundant symbiotic bacteria, which are coated by trout secretory immunoglobulin. Trout NALT is capable of mounting strong anti-viral immune responses following nasal delivery of a live attenuated viral vaccine. Our results open up a new tool for the control of aquatic infectious diseases via nasal vaccination.

Date: 2014
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6205

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