Genome flux and stasis in a five millennium transect of European prehistory

Cristina Gamba, Eppie R. Jones, Matthew D. Teasdale, Russell L. McLaughlin, Gloria Gonzalez-Fortes, Valeria Mattiangeli, László Domboróczki, Ivett Kővári, Ildikó Pap, Alexandra Anders, Alasdair Whittle, János Dani, Pál Raczky, Thomas F. G. Higham, Michael Hofreiter, Daniel G Bradley () and Ron Pinhasi ()
Additional contact information
Cristina Gamba: School of Archaeology, University College Dublin
Eppie R. Jones: Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin
Matthew D. Teasdale: Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin
Russell L. McLaughlin: Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin
Gloria Gonzalez-Fortes: Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam
Valeria Mattiangeli: Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin
László Domboróczki: Dobó István Castle Museum
Ivett Kővári: JPAC-Central Identification Laboratory
Ildikó Pap: Hungarian Natural History Museum
Alexandra Anders: Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Humanities, Institute of Archaeological Sciences
Alasdair Whittle: Cardiff University
János Dani: Déri Museum
Pál Raczky: Eötvös Loránd University, Faculty of Humanities, Institute of Archaeological Sciences
Thomas F. G. Higham: Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art, University of Oxford
Michael Hofreiter: Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam
Daniel G Bradley: Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin
Ron Pinhasi: School of Archaeology, University College Dublin

Nature Communications, 2014, vol. 5, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract The Great Hungarian Plain was a crossroads of cultural transformations that have shaped European prehistory. Here we analyse a 5,000-year transect of human genomes, sampled from petrous bones giving consistently excellent endogenous DNA yields, from 13 Hungarian Neolithic, Copper, Bronze and Iron Age burials including two to high (~22 × ) and seven to ~1 × coverage, to investigate the impact of these on Europe’s genetic landscape. These data suggest genomic shifts with the advent of the Neolithic, Bronze and Iron Ages, with interleaved periods of genome stability. The earliest Neolithic context genome shows a European hunter-gatherer genetic signature and a restricted ancestral population size, suggesting direct contact between cultures after the arrival of the first farmers into Europe. The latest, Iron Age, sample reveals an eastern genomic influence concordant with introduced Steppe burial rites. We observe transition towards lighter pigmentation and surprisingly, no Neolithic presence of lactase persistence.

Date: 2014
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6257

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