Transparent and flexible low noise graphene electrodes for simultaneous electrophysiology and neuroimaging

Duygu Kuzum (), Hajime Takano, Euijae Shim, Jason C. Reed, Halvor Juul, Andrew G. Richardson, Julius de Vries, Hank Bink, Marc A. Dichter, Timothy H. Lucas, Douglas A. Coulter, Ertugrul Cubukcu and Brian Litt
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Duygu Kuzum: University of Pennsylvania
Hajime Takano: Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania
Euijae Shim: Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
Jason C. Reed: University of Pennsylvania
Halvor Juul: Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
Andrew G. Richardson: Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania
Julius de Vries: Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania
Hank Bink: University of Pennsylvania
Marc A. Dichter: Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania
Timothy H. Lucas: Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania
Douglas A. Coulter: Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania
Ertugrul Cubukcu: Center for Neuroengineering and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania
Brian Litt: University of Pennsylvania

Nature Communications, 2014, vol. 5, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract Calcium imaging is a versatile experimental approach capable of resolving single neurons with single-cell spatial resolution in the brain. Electrophysiological recordings provide high temporal, but limited spatial resolution, because of the geometrical inaccessibility of the brain. An approach that integrates the advantages of both techniques could provide new insights into functions of neural circuits. Here, we report a transparent, flexible neural electrode technology based on graphene, which enables simultaneous optical imaging and electrophysiological recording. We demonstrate that hippocampal slices can be imaged through transparent graphene electrodes by both confocal and two-photon microscopy without causing any light-induced artefacts in the electrical recordings. Graphene electrodes record high-frequency bursting activity and slow synaptic potentials that are hard to resolve by multicellular calcium imaging. This transparent electrode technology may pave the way for high spatio-temporal resolution electro-optic mapping of the dynamic neuronal activity.

Date: 2014
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6259

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