Concentration and chemical-state profiles at heterogeneous interfaces with sub-nm accuracy from standing-wave ambient-pressure photoemission

Slavomír Nemšák (), Andrey Shavorskiy, Osman Karslioglu, Ioannis Zegkinoglou, Arunothai Rattanachata, Catherine S. Conlon, Armela Keqi, Peter K. Greene, Edward C. Burks, Farhad Salmassi, Eric M. Gullikson, See-Hun Yang, Kai Liu, Hendrik Bluhm () and Charles S. Fadley ()
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Slavomír Nemšák: University of California Davis
Andrey Shavorskiy: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Osman Karslioglu: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Ioannis Zegkinoglou: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Arunothai Rattanachata: University of California Davis
Catherine S. Conlon: University of California Davis
Armela Keqi: University of California Davis
Peter K. Greene: University of California Davis
Edward C. Burks: University of California Davis
Farhad Salmassi: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Eric M. Gullikson: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
See-Hun Yang: IBM Almaden Research Center
Kai Liu: University of California Davis
Hendrik Bluhm: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Charles S. Fadley: University of California Davis

Nature Communications, 2014, vol. 5, issue 1, 1-7

Abstract: Abstract Heterogeneous processes at solid/gas, liquid/gas and solid/liquid interfaces are ubiquitous in modern devices and technologies but often difficult to study quantitatively. Full characterization requires measuring the depth profiles of chemical composition and state with enhanced sensitivity to narrow interfacial regions of a few to several nm in extent over those originating from the bulk phases on either side of the interface. We show for a model system of NaOH and CsOH in an ~1-nm thick hydrated layer on α-Fe2O3 (haematite) that combining ambient-pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and standing-wave photoemission spectroscopy provides the spatial arrangement of the bulk and interface chemical species, as well as local potential energy variations, along the direction perpendicular to the interface with sub-nm accuracy. Standing-wave ambient-pressure photoemission spectroscopy is thus a very promising technique for measuring such important interfaces, with relevance to energy research, heterogeneous catalysis, electrochemistry, and atmospheric and environmental science.

Date: 2014
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6441

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