Biology of a widespread uncultivated archaeon that contributes to carbon fixation in the subsurface

Alexander J. Probst, Thomas Weinmaier, Kasie Raymann, Alexandra Perras, Joanne B. Emerson, Thomas Rattei, Gerhard Wanner, Andreas Klingl, Ivan A. Berg, Marcos Yoshinaga, Bernhard Viehweger, Kai-Uwe Hinrichs, Brian C. Thomas, Sandra Meck, Anna K. Auerbach, Matthias Heise, Arno Schintlmeister, Markus Schmid, Michael Wagner, Simonetta Gribaldo, Jillian F. Banfield () and Christine Moissl-Eichinger ()
Additional contact information
Alexander J. Probst: University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31
Thomas Weinmaier: University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14
Kasie Raymann: Institut Pasteur, Unité Biologie Moléculaire du Gene chez les Extrêmophiles, Paris, 75724 Cedex 15, France
Alexandra Perras: University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31
Joanne B. Emerson: University of California, Berkeley, 307 McCone Hall
Thomas Rattei: University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14
Gerhard Wanner: Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich (LMU), Biozentrum
Andreas Klingl: Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich (LMU), Biozentrum
Ivan A. Berg: Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 1
Marcos Yoshinaga: Organic Geochemistry Group, University of Bremen
Bernhard Viehweger: Organic Geochemistry Group, University of Bremen
Kai-Uwe Hinrichs: Organic Geochemistry Group, University of Bremen
Brian C. Thomas: University of California, Berkeley, 307 McCone Hall
Sandra Meck: University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31
Anna K. Auerbach: University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31
Matthias Heise: Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31
Arno Schintlmeister: Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14
Markus Schmid: Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14
Michael Wagner: Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14
Simonetta Gribaldo: Institut Pasteur, Unité Biologie Moléculaire du Gene chez les Extrêmophiles, Paris, 75724 Cedex 15, France
Jillian F. Banfield: University of California, Berkeley, 307 McCone Hall
Christine Moissl-Eichinger: University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31

Nature Communications, 2014, vol. 5, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract Subsurface microbial life contributes significantly to biogeochemical cycling, yet it remains largely uncharacterized, especially its archaeal members. This 'microbial dark matter' has been explored by recent studies that were, however, mostly based on DNA sequence information only. Here, we use diverse techniques including ultrastuctural analyses to link genomics to biology for the SM1 Euryarchaeon lineage, an uncultivated group of subsurface archaea. Phylogenomic analyses reveal this lineage to belong to a widespread group of archaea that we propose to classify as a new euryarchaeal order (‘Candidatus Altiarchaeales’). The representative, double-membraned species ‘Candidatus Altiarchaeum hamiconexum’ has an autotrophic metabolism that uses a not-yet-reported Factor420-free reductive acetyl-CoA pathway, confirmed by stable carbon isotopic measurements of archaeal lipids. Our results indicate that this lineage has evolved specific metabolic and structural features like nano-grappling hooks empowering this widely distributed archaeon to predominate anaerobic groundwater, where it may represent an important carbon dioxide sink.

Date: 2014
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6497

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