Enhanced optoelectronic quality of perovskite thin films with hypophosphorous acid for planar heterojunction solar cells

Wei Zhang, Sandeep Pathak, Nobuya Sakai, Thomas Stergiopoulos, Pabitra K. Nayak, Nakita K. Noel, Amir A. Haghighirad, Victor M. Burlakov, Dane W. deQuilettes, Aditya Sadhanala, Wenzhe Li, Liduo Wang, David S. Ginger, Richard H. Friend and Henry J. Snaith ()
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Wei Zhang: Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford
Sandeep Pathak: Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford
Nobuya Sakai: Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford
Thomas Stergiopoulos: Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford
Pabitra K. Nayak: Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford
Nakita K. Noel: Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford
Amir A. Haghighirad: Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford
Victor M. Burlakov: Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford
Dane W. deQuilettes: University of Washington
Aditya Sadhanala: Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge
Wenzhe Li: Tsinghua University
Liduo Wang: Tsinghua University
David S. Ginger: University of Washington
Richard H. Friend: Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge
Henry J. Snaith: Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford

Nature Communications, 2015, vol. 6, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Solution-processed metal halide perovskite semiconductors, such as CH3NH3PbI3, have exhibited remarkable performance in solar cells, despite having non-negligible density of defect states. A likely candidate is halide vacancies within the perovskite crystals, or the presence of metallic lead, both generated due to the imbalanced I/Pb stoichiometry which could evolve during crystallization. Herein, we show that the addition of hypophosphorous acid (HPA) in the precursor solution can significantly improve the film quality, both electronically and topologically, and enhance the photoluminescence intensity, which leads to more efficient and reproducible photovoltaic devices. We demonstrate that the HPA can reduce the oxidized I2 back into I−, and our results indicate that this facilitates an improved stoichiometry in the perovskite crystal and a reduced density of metallic lead.

Date: 2015
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10030

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