Imaging single cells in a beam of live cyanobacteria with an X-ray laser

Gijs van der Schot, Martin Svenda, Filipe R. N. C. Maia, Max Hantke, Daniel P. DePonte, M. Marvin Seibert, Andrew Aquila, Joachim Schulz, Richard Kirian, Mengning Liang, Francesco Stellato, Bianca Iwan, Jakob Andreasson, Nicusor Timneanu, Daniel Westphal, F. Nunes Almeida, Dusko Odic, Dirk Hasse, Gunilla H. Carlsson, Daniel S. D. Larsson, Anton Barty, Andrew V. Martin, Sebastian Schorb, Christoph Bostedt, John D. Bozek, Daniel Rolles, Artem Rudenko, Sascha Epp, Lutz Foucar, Benedikt Rudek, Robert Hartmann, Nils Kimmel, Peter Holl, Lars Englert, Ne-Te Duane Loh, Henry N. Chapman, Inger Andersson, Janos Hajdu () and Tomas Ekeberg ()
Additional contact information
Gijs van der Schot: Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Uppsala University
Martin Svenda: Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Uppsala University
Filipe R. N. C. Maia: Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Uppsala University
Max Hantke: Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Uppsala University
Daniel P. DePonte: Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY
M. Marvin Seibert: Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Uppsala University
Andrew Aquila: Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY
Joachim Schulz: Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY
Richard Kirian: Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY
Mengning Liang: Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY
Francesco Stellato: Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY
Bianca Iwan: Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Uppsala University
Jakob Andreasson: Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Uppsala University
Nicusor Timneanu: Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Uppsala University
Daniel Westphal: Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Uppsala University
F. Nunes Almeida: Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Uppsala University
Dusko Odic: Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Uppsala University
Dirk Hasse: Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Uppsala University
Gunilla H. Carlsson: Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Uppsala University
Daniel S. D. Larsson: Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Uppsala University
Anton Barty: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, 1 Cyclotron Road Mail Stop 943–256
Andrew V. Martin: Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY
Sebastian Schorb: LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
Christoph Bostedt: LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
John D. Bozek: LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
Daniel Rolles: Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY
Artem Rudenko: Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY
Sascha Epp: Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY
Lutz Foucar: Max-Planck-Institut für medizinische Forschung
Benedikt Rudek: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) Bundesallee 100
Robert Hartmann: PNSensor GmbH
Nils Kimmel: PNSensor GmbH
Peter Holl: PNSensor GmbH
Lars Englert: Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universitaet Oldenburg, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11
Ne-Te Duane Loh: Centre for BioImaging Sciences, National University of Singapore
Henry N. Chapman: Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY
Inger Andersson: Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Uppsala University
Janos Hajdu: Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Uppsala University
Tomas Ekeberg: Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Uppsala University

Nature Communications, 2015, vol. 6, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract There exists a conspicuous gap of knowledge about the organization of life at mesoscopic levels. Ultra-fast coherent diffractive imaging with X-ray free-electron lasers can probe structures at the relevant length scales and may reach sub-nanometer resolution on micron-sized living cells. Here we show that we can introduce a beam of aerosolised cyanobacteria into the focus of the Linac Coherent Light Source and record diffraction patterns from individual living cells at very low noise levels and at high hit ratios. We obtain two-dimensional projection images directly from the diffraction patterns, and present the results as synthetic X-ray Nomarski images calculated from the complex-valued reconstructions. We further demonstrate that it is possible to record diffraction data to nanometer resolution on live cells with X-ray lasers. Extension to sub-nanometer resolution is within reach, although improvements in pulse parameters and X-ray area detectors will be necessary to unlock this potential.

Date: 2015
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DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6704

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